Recent Progress in Metal-Based Nanoparticles Mediated Photodynamic Therapy

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is able to non-invasively treat and diagnose various cancers and nonmalignant diseases by combining light, oxygen, and photosensitizers (PSs). However, the application of PDT is hindered by poor water solubility and limited light-penetration depth of the currently available photosensitizers (PSs). Water solubility of PSs is crucial for designing pharmaceutical formulation and administration routes. Wavelength of light source at visible range normally has therapeutic depth less than 1 mm. In this review, focus is on the recent research progress of metal-based nanoparticles being applied in PDT. The potential toxicity of these nanoscales and future directions are further discussed.

Nanotechnology platforms for cancer immunotherapy

“…Among these platforms, both naturally derived and synthetic nanoparticles have multiple therapeutic and diagnostic functions, either by utilizing the intrinsic physicochemical properties of those nano‐agents or by modifying and delivering imaging/chemotherapeutic agents (J. Sun et al, ; Wu et al, ; Xie et al, ; Z. Yang et al, ). Many studies have utilized nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy because of their numerous advantages in conventional cancer treatment.…”

Photodynamic Therapy and the Biophysics of the Tumor Microenvironment

“…Knowledge of the EPR effect has had widespread effects on the development of drug delivery systems for cancer, and various PS delivery vehicles have been developed that leverage the EPR effect to increase intratumoral PS accumulation . Examples of nanoparticle delivery vehicles that have been employed for PS delivery include liposomes , quantum dots , viruses , virus‐like particles (VLPs) , polymeric nanoparticles , silica nanoparticles , metal nanoparticles , carbon nanoparticles and others . While the EPR effect has been used as the foundation for the development of a myriad of nanoparticle drug delivery systems, it has shown limitations in clinical practice due to high heterogeneity .…”

Synthesis and Photodynamic Activity of <i>Peri</i>-xanthenoxanthene Derivatives

“…Therefore, researchers continue to search for more suitable photosensitizers. 7,8) Peri-xanthenoxanthene (PXX) derivatives are polycyclic aromatic compounds with strong fluorescence and good optical properties. With good charge transfer properties, thermal stability, and chemical stability, these compounds are often used as compositions of pigments, charge transfer complexes, and organic semiconductors in electronic devices.…”