Recent progress in graphene based ceramic composites: a review

Abstract

Abstract

Fast and easy preparation of few-layered-graphene/magnesia powders for strong, hard and electrically conducting composites

“…An I D /I G ratio equal to about 1.67 was reported [53] for FLG/MgO samples with 1e8 graphene layers (mostly 2e5), which is fairly close to the present values for G193 and G208. Therefore, these results could indicate that, for G56, the carbon was deposited in forms closer to BLG than 5e10 layers graphene, which would be in agreement with using a CVD atmosphere poorer in CH 4 . However, the MgO powder grains are faceted and this could provoke the formation of defects (kinks) in the deposited FLG and thus the proportion of defects could also be higher for G56.…”

“…Using 2.1 and 3.58 g/cm 3 for the densities of graphene and MgO, respectively, the carbon content is equal to 0.56, 1.93 and 2.08 vol% for the samples prepared using 1, 2.5 and 5 L/h of CH 4 , respectively. For the sake of brevity, these powders will be denoted hereafter as G56, G193 and G208, respectively.…”

“…The matrices investigated include borides (ZrB 2 [5]), carbides (B 4 C [6], SiC [7e10], TiC [11], TaC [12,13]), nitrides (AlN [14e17], Si 3 N 4 [18e22], TiN [23]) and oxides (MgO [24], Al 2 O 3 [25e33], SiO 2 [34], ZrO 2 [35] and hydroxyapatite [36,37]). Many processing methods involve the preparation of graphene/ceramic powders followed by a consolidation step performed by a variety of techniques including pressureless sintering, spark plasma sintering, hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing.…”

“…GO may have to be reduced to partially eliminate some defects in the so-obtained reduced-graphene oxide (r-GO). As a typical example, Fan et al [28] used GO flakes prepared by a lengthy procedure involving the treatment of graphite by solutions of H 2 SO 4 and KMnO 4 (magnetic stirring, 2 h), H 2 O 2 (decantation, a few hours), washing with HCl solution, vacuum filtration (several times), dialysis for a week, sonication and centrifugation (4000 rpm for 30 min) and these authors readily admit that the elastic properties of their FLG have been deteriorated severely by oxidation and reduction. The mechanical exfoliation of graphite [41] is also used for the preparation of GNS and GNP samples.…”

From bulk to cellular structures: A review on ceramic/graphene filler composites

“…Quite important subjects as the dispersability and stability of graphene nanostructures in solvents, and particularly for making reliable composites, have also been treated abundantly and extensive works tackled this matter [3,4]. Concentrating on ceramic/graphene composites, a notable augment of the numbers of publications on these composites is observed and even few publications reviewing these materials already exist, the early one by Porwal et al [5] and two recent review papers by Markandan et al [6] and Nieto et al [7]. The processing of graphenebased composites, with specific mention to the graphene synthesis methods and their mixing with the matrices, as well as available densification methods, have been broadly revised in these previous reviews.…”