Recent progress in ginkgolide research

Braquet, P.; Esanu, André; Buisine, Eric; Hosford, David; Broquet, C.; Koltai, M.

doi:10.1002/med.2610110303

Cited by 69 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Among the list of 60 selected herbal compounds or ligands, 10 was screened out on the basis of literature search, having major role in antiocular activity like inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-hemorrhages activity [21,22]. All the ligands were docked deeply within the binding pocket region of RBP.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein–ligand interaction studies of retinol-binding protein 3 with herbal molecules using AutoDock for the management of Eales’ disease

Tiwari

Saxena

Pant

et al. 2012

j ocul biol dis inform

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Eales' disease is an idiopathic retinal vasculitis of the eye. The disease is predominantly characterized by recurrent vitreous hemorrhage. Interphotoreceptor retinolbinding protein 3 plays a significant role in the etiopathogenesis of this condition. It transports retinoids between the retinal pigment epithelium and the photoreceptors; hence, this protein is a potential target for docking studies. In silico data reveal that herbal molecules interact with regulatory domains of interphotoreceptor retinol-binding protein 3 (IRBP-3), resulting into significant docking score and also forms H-bond and several hydrophobic interactions between active residues of IRBP-3. These interactions between the active residues may lead to significant conformational change in that particular portion of the protein. This efficacy and suitability of ligand was determined on the basis of binding energy calculations. Ginkgolide showed minimum binding energy calculations among selected 10 other natural ligands. This fact of virtual screening for potential ligand can give new insights toward the therapeutic intonations and alterations toward the advances in treatment for Eales' disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protein–ligand interaction studies of retinol-binding protein 3 with herbal molecules using AutoDock for the management of Eales’ disease

Tiwari

Saxena

Pant

et al. 2012

j ocul biol dis inform

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“…34 Due to PAF's role in inflammation and the antagonistic effect of ginkgolides on PAF, there has been interest in the possible use of ginkgo biloba for MS. Animal studies indicate that ginkgo biloba decreases the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for MS. 34 In a small clinical study of 10 MS patients with exacerbations, eight improved with ginkgo biloba treatment. 35 However, a subsequent study of 104 patients found that ginkgo biloba was not effective for treating exacerbations.…”

Section: Ginkgo Bilobamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…33 Ginkgolides, chemical constituents in ginkgo biloba, have antioxidant properties and also inhibit the effects of platelet activating factor (PAF), which is involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. 34 Due to PAF's role in inflammation and the antagonistic effect of ginkgolides on PAF, there has been interest in the possible use of ginkgo biloba for MS. Animal studies indicate that ginkgo biloba decreases the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for MS. 34 In a small clinical study of 10 MS patients with exacerbations, eight improved with ginkgo biloba treatment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Alternative Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis: An Objective Review from an American Perspective

Bowling

Ibrahim

Stewart

2000

International Journal of MS Care

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The use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), or unconventional medicine, may be challenging for health care providers in the United States. There are several definitions of CAM, and therapies that are considered alternative in one country may be conventional in other countries. Unconventional medical practices may be used instead of, or in addition to, conventional medical therapy. It may be difficult for people with multiple sclerosis (MS) to obtain reliable MS-relevant CAM information, and there may be conflicts between the values of patients and those of health care providers. These issues may create problems in the clinical decision-making process. The relevance to MS of some commonly used CAM therapies is discussed: herbal medicine, vitamins and minerals, marijuana, and a histamine and caffeine transdermal gel patch. Current information about the efficacy and safety of CAM therapies is extremely variable. Some therapies appear promising, others are unsafe or ineffective, and nearly all need to be studied further.In the United States, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) are increasing in popularity 1 and appears to be widely used by multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. 2,3 However, there are limitations to the MS-relevant CAM information that is currently available. In addition, addressing issues raised by patients interested in CAM may be particularly challenging for mainstream health care professionals.This review article discusses CAM issues that are important to health professionals who are specialized in MS care. CAM therapy is defined, and the demographics of CAM users are discussed. The clinical decision-making process is considered as it applies specifically to MS patients. Differing and potentially clashing value systems of MS patients and health care providers are highlighted. Information provided in this article is limited to CAM therapies and selected MS-relevant information. More detailed information may be found in the literature about CAM, [4][5][6][7]8 and dietary supplements. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Definition Controversy and confusion surround alternative medicine, and even the definition itself is controversial. Alternative medicine (also known as unconventional or unorthodox medicine) is often defined by what it is not: It generally refers to medical therapies that typically are not taught in medical schools or are not readily available in community hospitals. 1 According to this definition, the term means one thing in the United States, another in Germany, and something completely different in China. In the United States, the definition is a "moving target," since increasingly alternative medicine therapies are provided in hospitals and alternative medicine courses are offered in medical schools. 17 To define alternative medicine by what it is, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has developed a classification system for alternative medicine (Table 1) Alternative use means that they are used instead of conventional medicine, while complementary use ...

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“…1) in the current study because of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier. 11) On the other hand, the organic acids, anacardic acid and cardanol (gingkol acid and ginkgol; assigned the name derived more from cashew nuts Anacardium occidental L., Anacardiaceae, than from Ginkgo biloba L. in this study) and related compounds have not been discussed from the viewpoint of active ingredients because of their unfavorable side effects, such as allergenic properties.…”

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confidence: 93%

“…6,7) Several biomedical studies on its activity have been carried out, [8][9][10][11] however, its pharmacologic effects appear to be due more to the synergistic action of multiple components than to a single compound. 12) Studies on its therapeutic effect have also yielded conflicting results.…”

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confidence: 99%

Chronic Administration of Cardanol (Ginkgol) Extracted from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Cashew Nutshell Liquid Improves Working Memory-Related Learning in Rats

Tobinaga

Hashimoto

Utsunomiya

et al. 2012

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin

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Cardanol (ginkgol) extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves and cashew nutshell liquid enhances the growth of NSC-34 immortalized motor neuron-like cells and, when chronically administered to young rats, improves working memory-related learning ability as assessed by eight-arm radial maze tasks. These findings suggest that cardanol is one of the components in Ginkgo biloba leaves that improves cognitive learning ability.Key words Ginkgo biloba; Anacardium occidentale; cardanol; motor neuron-like cell; working memoryrelated learning ability Ginkgo biloba L., although grown mainly in China and Japan, is currently well-known in various European countries. The plant is believed to be one of the oldest living species trees and the only living member of the family Ginkgoaceae. It is called a living fossil because its fossils, as much as two hundred million years old, are found throughout the world. In the 19th century it was shown to be a dioecious plant that propagates by a unique and ancient mechanism.2) In Europe the extract of its leaves, referred to as EGb 761, is commonly used to alleviate symptoms of dementia.Various chemical components have been isolated from the plant, including flavonoids, 3) terpenoids (ginkgolides, bilobalides) 4,5) and organic acids (anacardic acid, cardanol). 6,7)Several biomedical studies on its activity have been carried out, [8][9][10][11] however, its pharmacologic effects appear to be due more to the synergistic action of multiple components than to a single compound.12) Studies on its therapeutic effect have also yielded conflicting results. [12][13][14][15] Therefore, in the current study, we sought a particular component in the extract that alone has activity related to the treatment of dementia.Diterpenoid ginkgolides have recently received a great deal of attention because of their unique structures and specific ability to antagonize the effect of a platelet activating factor (PAF). We examined the effect of cardanol and related organic acids (Fig. 1) in the current study because of their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier.11) On the other hand, the organic acids, anacardic acid and cardanol (gingkol acid and ginkgol; assigned the name derived more from cashew nuts Anacardium occidental L., Anacardiaceae, than from Ginkgo biloba L. in this study) and related compounds have not been discussed from the viewpoint of active ingredients because of their unfavorable side effects, such as allergenic properties.We first examined the neurotrophic effect of cardanol (isolated from Ginkgo leaves and the crude organic acids extracted from cashew nutshell) on NSC-34 murine immortalized motor neuron-like cells established by fusing mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 with mouse neuron-enriched embryonic spinal cord cells. 16) According to favorable results obtained from in vitro studies, large amounts of cardanol and cardanol acetate were prepared from commercially available cashew nutshell liquid for in vivo studies. The effect of cardanol acetate was investigated by administering it to young rats ...

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Recent progress in ginkgolide research

Cited by 69 publications

References 129 publications

Protein–ligand interaction studies of retinol-binding protein 3 with herbal molecules using AutoDock for the management of Eales’ disease

Protein–ligand interaction studies of retinol-binding protein 3 with herbal molecules using AutoDock for the management of Eales’ disease

Alternative Medicine and Multiple Sclerosis: An Objective Review from an American Perspective

Chronic Administration of Cardanol (Ginkgol) Extracted from Ginkgo biloba Leaves and Cashew Nutshell Liquid Improves Working Memory-Related Learning in Rats

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