Recent progress in Fe₃O₄ based magnetic nanoparticles: from synthesis to application

Abstract

Fe3O4 based magnetic polymer nanoparticles (MPNPs) are densely studied for several decades. These Fe3O4 based MPNPs can be used in wastewater treatment and biological field such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents, hyperthermia therapy and protein separation. The Fe3O4 based MPNPs are attractive because they combine the advantages of magnetism and polymers together. In order to obtain the practical application in the above mentioned areas, the bare Fe3O4 needs to be functionalised with different kinds of molecules like organic small molecules and polymers and some inorganic molecules like silica, metals and carbon. In this review, the chemical preparation methods, different modification methods and various applications of the Fe3O4 based MPNPs are introduced.

Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

“…The oxidation happens frequently from the migration of the positive ions through the lattice framework. Under such an oxidation procedure, the cationic vacancies will be formed to maintain the charge …”

“…In addition, surfactants or polymers have been introduced in the reaction in order to control and stabilize the surface of the MNPs to avoid NPs aggregation and to increase biocompatibility . Despite the successful production of MNPs at high process yield and high magnetization, MNPs with broad size distributions and irregular morphologies are usually obtained by coprecipitation …”

“…Representative published reviews concerning existing synthesis routes to obtain MNPs along with their physicochemical properties, toxicity, and biocompatibility can be found in refs. . The magnetization and coercive field of different representative magnetic nanoparticles used in the biomedical field can be consulted in ref.…”

Magnetic drug delivery systems

“…Thus, it is envisaged that MNPs will be used for hyperthermia treatment of cancer or hyperthermia-controlled drug release [13,[45][46][47]. MNPs generate heat under an alternating magnetic field as a result of various pathways strongly correlated with their morphological, structural, and magnetic profiles.…”

The effect of microtube formation with walls, containing Fe3O4 nanoparticles, via gassolution interface technique by hydrolysis of the FeCl2 and FeCl3 mixed solution with gaseous ammonia

“…These microcapsules have relatively high specific surface and can be applied in the creation of core-shell multifunctional nanostructures [13,14]. Hollow Fe 3 O 4 microcapsules, for example, were obtained by hydrothermal method [15], one-pot solvothermal method using Fe(NO 3 ) 3 ·6H 2 O as the iron source, and glycerol, isopropyl alcohol (IPA) together with a small amount of water as a solvent [16], solvothermal method with template from surfactant micelles [17], and Ostwald ripening in magnetic field [18].…”