Recent Progress in Emerging Novel MXenes Based Materials and their Fascinating Sensing Applications

Abstract

Early transition metals based 2D carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides nanomaterials are known as MXenes, a novel and extensive new class of 2D materials family. Since the first accidently synthesis based discovery of Ti3C2 in 2011, more than 50 additional compositions have been experimentally reported, including at least eight distinct synthesis methods and also more than 100 stoichiometries are theoretically studied. Due to its distinctive surface chemistry, graphene like shape, metallic conductivity, high hydrophilicity, outstanding mechanical and thermal properties, redox capacity and affordable with mass‐produced nature, this diverse MXenes are of tremendous scientific and technological significance. In this review, first we'll come across the MXene based nanomaterials possible synthesis methods, their advantages, limitations and future suggestions, new chemistry related to their selected properties and potential sensing applications, which will help us to explain why this family is growing very fast as compared to other 2D families. Secondly, problems that help to further improve commercialization of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are examined, and many advances in the commercializing of the MXene nanomaterials based sensors are proposed. At the end, we'll go through the current challenges, limitations and future suggestions.

Recent advances in MXenes: a future of nanotechnologies

“…Low electrical noise and high signal throughput are oen two essential issues in the development of sensitive gas sensors. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]9,12,[14][15][16][17][18]26,29,30,35,52,55,95,118,119,[462][463][464][465][466][467][468][469] This is likely if the sensing platform can handle both high conduction and a large number of active spots for interfacial interactions. Traditional materials, such as graphene, metal oxides, and black phosphorous (PB), exhibit a trade-off relationship, classifying them as suitable but not ideal for sensing applications.…”

“…M n +1 X n T x ( n = 1 to 4) is a common formula for 2D MXene NMs, where M indicates transition metals (TMs) 3,5,6,13,20,49–80 and X indicates carbon or nitrogen, respectively 1,7–10,15,16,18,23,25,35,81–126 . Also, T x (where x varies) denotes single or mixed termination groups (for example, T = S, O, NH, F, Cl, Br, Te, OH, Se), as shown in Fig.…”

“…Because the reactivity of each MAX phase differs depending on the different bonding strengths in M-A and M-X, it should be noted that the etching technique of Ti 3 C 2 T x cannot be used as a generic method for various members of the 2D MXene NMs family. [35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Recognizing that the production of the 2D NMs does not always require vdWs forcesbased bounded layer precursors materials enabled the innovation of numerous novel materials, for example, MXenes, produced via the selective etching of tightly bonded layered solids. [44][45][46] M n+1 X n T x (n = 1 to 4) is a common formula for 2D MXene NMs, where M indicates transition metals (TMs) 3,5,6,13,20, and X indicates carbon or nitrogen, respectively 1,[7][8][9][10]15,16,18,23,25,35, .…”

“…[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] Recognizing that the production of the 2D NMs does not always require vdWs forcesbased bounded layer precursors materials enabled the innovation of numerous novel materials, for example, MXenes, produced via the selective etching of tightly bonded layered solids. [44][45][46] M n+1 X n T x (n = 1 to 4) is a common formula for 2D MXene NMs, where M indicates transition metals (TMs) 3,5,6,13,20, and X indicates carbon or nitrogen, respectively 1,[7][8][9][10]15,16,18,23,25,35, . Also, T x (where x varies) denotes single or mixed termination groups (for example, T = S, O, NH, F, Cl, Br, Te, OH, Se), as shown in Fig.…”

Room-temperature chemiresistive ammonia sensors based on 2D MXenes and their hybrids: recent developments and future prospects

“…Due to the hydrogen bonding between NH 3 gas molecules and hydrous/oxidized MXenes, they show greater selectivity towards NH 3 than other gases, overcoming the limitations of conventional semiconductor 2D gas sensors. [32][33][34][35][36][37] Along with the sensor response, the response time and recovery time are two important factors for evaluating the sensing performance of ammonia gas sensors. For ammonia sensors, the response time is the time to cover 90% of the maximum resistance on introduction of NH 3 to the sensing material, and the recovery time is the time for sensor to return to 10% of minimum resistance after desorption of NH 3 .…”