Recent progress in Cerenkov counters

Abstract

The paper reviews recent progress in individual components ofCerenkov counters, as well as the performance of installed detector systems.

RETRACTED: <i>Characterization of a New Silicon Photomultiplier in Comparison with a Conventional Photomultiplier Tube</i>

“…The photomultiplier tube (PMT) has been serving us as a primary photo-detector for over 70 years [1] [2]. PMTs are the extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum that consist of an input window, a photocathode, focusing electrodes, an electron multiplier and an anode usually sealed into a evacuated glass tube [3] [4].…”

A model for emission yield from planar photocathodes based on photon-enhanced thermionic emission or negative-electron-affinity photoemission

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Cathodes with negative electron affinity (NEA), in which the vacuum level is below the conduction band of semiconductor photocathode film, have been especially well studied experimentally due to the high probabilities of electron emission in such films. [9][10][11] In these NEA materials, photoexcited electrons impinging upon the surface-vacuum interface have average energies higher than the vacuum level, leading to high electron emission efficiency.…”

Controlling the Sensitivity, Specificity, and Time Signature of Sensors through Architectural Design on the Nanoscale

“…As befits a nanostructured material that dates to the 1930s (12), aerogels have a long applications history, including in sensor science. They are particularly renowned as physical sensors, in particular as acoustic detectors to measure the superfluid transition for 3 He and 4 He (14) and as solid-state replacements for cumbersome gas-based Ĉerenkov detectors (15,16), including the use of fluorescent dye modifiers of the silica aerogel network to improve spectral matching of the Ĉerenkov spectrum (17). But the architectural nature of aerogel-like structures makes them especially well suited to any rate-critical application in which ready molecular access to a high surface area, chemically responsive, nanoscale solid interface is essential to performance.…”