Recent progress in black phosphorus and black-phosphorus-analogue materials: properties, synthesis and applications

Xu, Yi‐Jun; Shi, Zhe; Shi, Xueling; Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Han

doi:10.1039/c9nr04348a

Cited by 273 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 298 publications

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“…Therefore, other 2D materials with direct band gaps are especially appealing. For example, phosphorene is a typical 2D semiconductor, of which the direct bandgap varies according to its thickness, from a large gap (2.0 eV in monolayers) to a narrow gap (0.3 eV in bulk crystal) . The adjacent phosphorene sheets are assembled into layered BP by weak van der Waals interaction.…”

Section: Synthesis Of 2d Materials Toward Their Pristine Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

et al. 2020

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2D materials are important building blocks for the upcoming generation of nanostructured electronics and multifunctional devices due to their distinct chemical and physical characteristics. To this end, large‐scale production of 2D materials with high purity or with specific functionalities represents a key to advancing fundamental studies as well as industrial applications. Among the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic protocols, electrochemical exfoliation of layered materials is a very promising approach that offers high yield, great efficiency, low cost, simple instrumentation, and excellent up‐scalability. Remarkably, playing with electrochemical parameters not only enables tunable material properties but also increases the material diversities from graphene to a wide spectrum of 2D semiconductors. Here, a succinct and critical survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented, comprising the strategic design, exfoliation principles, underlying mechanisms, processing techniques, and potential applications of 2D materials. At the end of the discussion, the emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in real practice are also highlighted.

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Section: Synthesis Of 2d Materials Toward Their Pristine Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

et al. 2020

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“…Among various 2D materials, elemental black phosphorus (BP) occupies a unique position with attractive properties such as strong inplane anisotropy, high carrier mobility, high-sensitivity of band structure to number of layers, and tunability of the bandgap spanning from near-to mid-infrared. [1][2][3][4] Another recently discovered and promising elemental 2D material from pnictogen is black arsenic (BAs) that has comparable characteristics to BP.4-7 Earlier theoretical studies have predicted a highly anisotropic and tunable electronic structures for BAs.8, 9 Even at this early stage, BAs has already shown favorable properties and a potential to be one of the building block materials for advanced opto-electronic devices. 6 To better utilize this new 2D material and to maximize its performance, study of the fundamental physical and chemical properties, including its stability, is essential.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Layer Dependence of Dielectric Response and Water-Enhanced Ambient Degradation of Highly Anisotropic Black As

et al. 2020

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Black arsenic (BAs) is a van der Waals layered material with a puckered honeycomb structure and has received increased interest due to its anisotropic properties and promising performance in devices. Here, crystalline structure, thickness-dependent dielectric responses, and ambient stability of BAs nanosheets are investigated using STEM imaging and spectroscopy. Atomic-resolution HAADF-STEM images directly visualize the three-dimensional structure and evaluates the degree of anisotropy. STEM-EELS is used to measure the dielectric response of BAs as a function of the number of layers. Finally, BAs degradation under different ambient environments is studied highlighting high sensitivity to moisture in the air.

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“…Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are a family of 2DLMs in the form of MX 2 compounds, where M is a transition metal (Mo, W, Re) and X is a chalcogen (S, Se, Te). TMDCs are promising for electronic applications due to their semiconducting behaviour as opposed to semi-metallic graphene, and better thermal stability than materials such as black phosphorus and silicene [14][15][16][17][18][19].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Articles in the field of optoelectronics and photonics are roughly 10% of the total published articles. Black phosphorus has been wellstudied due to its interesting material properties, but its technological relevance is low due to lack of air-stability [15,16]. It is interesting to observe that the number of reports on heterostructure (HS) devices is larger than that for almost any single material.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optoelectronic and photonic devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides

Thakar

Lodha

2020

Mater. Res. Express

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Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are a family of two-dimensional layered materials (2DLMs) with extraordinary optical properties. They present an attractive option for future multifunctional and high-performance optoelectronics. However, much remains to be done to realize a mature technology for commercial applications. In this review article, we describe the progress and scope of TMDC devices in optical and photonic applications. Various photoresponse mechanisms observed in such devices and a brief discussion on measurement and analysis methods are described. Three main types of optoelectronic devices, namely photodetectors, photovoltaics and lightemitting devices are discussed in detail with a focus on device architecture and operation. Examples showing experimental integration of 2DLM-based devices with silicon photonics are also discussed briefly. A wide range of data for key performance metrics is analysed with insights into future directions for device design, processing and characterization that can help overcome present gaps and challenges. While the field is still in its infancy and requires significant efforts toward standardizing various approaches towards a mature technology, it has already shown promising results in broader aspects of compatibility, integration and performance for future electronics. Sensors are increasingly becoming an integrated part of the global electronic eco-system with the rise of data-driven technologies. There is a growing need for networks of cost-effective, robust and reliable sensors and their integration with present technologies. Optoelectronic and photonic devices are of importance for both sensing as well as high-speed optical communication applications. 2DLMs demonstrate significant light-matter interaction that is tunable with external physical and electronic parameters such as pressure, strain, electric and magnetic field [1-6]. Moreover, 2DLMs show strong dependence of their band structure on thickness with a transition to direct bandgap in monolayers in most of the known 2DLMs [7][8][9]. Graphene has been the most studied material since its discovery in 2004 [10][11][12]. Apart from graphene, there are nearly 1500 possible 2DLMs with a wide range of material properties as predicted by first principle simulations [13]. Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are a family of 2DLMs in the form of MX 2 compounds, where M is a transition metal (Mo, W, Re) and X is a chalcogen (S, Se, Te). TMDCs are promising for electronic applications due to their semiconducting behaviour as opposed to semi-metallic graphene, and better thermal stability than materials such as black phosphorus and silicene [14][15][16][17][18][19]. Optoelectronic devices based on TMDCsTMDCs have been the most studied 2DLMs, apart from graphene and black phosphorus, for electronic and optoelectronic device applications [20,21]. They have a sizeable bandgap in the visible and near infrared (NIR) range (∼1-2 eV) that is optimal for optoelectronic sensors and light-emitting sources for short-ran...

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Recent progress in black phosphorus and black-phosphorus-analogue materials: properties, synthesis and applications

Abstract: BP and BP-analogue materials: their structure and main applications.

Cited by 273 publications

References 298 publications

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry

Layer Dependence of Dielectric Response and Water-Enhanced Ambient Degradation of Highly Anisotropic Black As

Optoelectronic and photonic devices based on transition metal dichalcogenides

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