Recent Progress in Beckmann Rearrangement

Abstract

Amide motifs are prevalent structures found in natural products, pharmaceuticals, and bioactive compounds. Amide bond formations are the most important transformations in organic chemistry. Beckmann rearrangement is a significant method for the synthesis of primary and secondary amides. Recently, diversified new catalytic protocols were developed, including one-pot reaction from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, or even from alcohols. The progress and applications of Beckmann rearrangement in recent five years are reviewed.

Visible‐Light‐Mediated Oxidative Amidation of Aldehydes by Using Magnetic CdS Quantum Dots as a Photocatalyst

“…[14] Recent estimates from the U.S. patent literature suggest that amidation reactions represent approximately 15 %o fa ll transformations [15] To date, numerousm ethods for constructing amide bonds have been reported. [16] The most well-established routes for the formation of amides involve the reactiono fa mines with activated carboxylic acids or their corresponding derivatives, [17] the Schmidt reaction, [18] the Beckmann rearrangement reaction, [19] and modified Staudinger reaction. [20] From the perspective of green chemistry,t hesep rocesses generate al arge amount of byproducts andc hemical waste, so they need to be improved or replaced.…”

Iridium-Catalyzed 1,3-Rearrangement of Allylic Ethers

“…It is one of the most significant transformations in organic chemistry and has also been found to occur in a wide range of organisms . Many well-known named reactions, such as the more than 100-year-old Claisen rearrangement, Cope rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement, and Fries rearrangement, all involve molecular rearrangement with 100% atom and step economy. Following the rapid growth of medicinal chemistry, fine chemistry, and material science, the demand for the sustainable development of novel atom- and step-economical rearrangement reactions is necessary …”