Recent progress and open questions in<i>Drosophila</i>dosage compensation

Vensko, Steven; Stone, Eric A.

doi:10.1080/19336934.2015.1074786

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The above studies indicate that the inverse dosage effect plays an important role in the two-fold up-regulation of X chromosome genes, which is modulated by the MSL complex 38 . However, whether the MSL complex promotes or inhibits the inverse dosage effect or their relationship in unbalanced genomes is still unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The Male-Specific Lethal complex (MSL complex) plays an important role in regulating gene expression during dosage compensation 35 – 37 , but it is still unclear about the intersection of the effect of changes of chromosomal dosage and the MSL complex on global gene expression in Drosophila , as well as the molecular mechanism of how the complex mediates global expression 38 . Compared with the normal females, the gene expression of the single X chromosome in males can be balanced with females through the inverse dosage effect 39 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Male Specific Lethal complex and genomic imbalance on global gene expression in Drosophila

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The inverse dosage effect caused by chromosome number variations shows global consequences in genomic imbalance including sexual dimorphism and an X chromosome-specific response. To investigate the relationship of the MSL complex to genomic imbalance, we over-expressed MSL2 in autosomal and sex chromosomal aneuploids, and analyzed the different transcriptomes. Some candidate genes involved in regulatory mechanisms have also been tested during embryogenesis using TSA-FISH. Here we show that the de novo MSL complex assembled on the X chromosomes in females further reduced the global expression level on the basis of 2/3 down-regulation caused by the inverse dosage effect in trisomy through epigenetic modulations rather than induced dosage compensation. Plus, the sexual dimorphism effect in unbalanced genomes was further examined due to the pre-existing of the MSL complex in males. All these results demonstrate the dynamic functions of the MSL complex on global gene expression in different aneuploid genomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction of Male Specific Lethal complex and genomic imbalance on global gene expression in Drosophila

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Dosage compensation equalizes the expression of different doses of X chromosomes in females (X/X) and males (X/Y), which is achieved by doubling the expression of genes on one X chromosome in males to match the level of gene expression on two chromosomes in females (Ferrari et al, 2014; Kuroda et al, 2016; Lucchesi, 2018; Samata and Akhtar, 2018). Currently, there is no consensus on the mechanisms that determine dosage compensation (Birchler and Veitia, 2021; Vensko and Stone, 2015). It is most likely that dosage compensation in males is the result of the simultaneous effect of activation of gene transcription on the X chromosome and the inverse dosage effect, which consists of a decrease in the expression of autosomal genes (Birchler, 2016; Ferrari et al, 2014; Kuroda et al, 2016; Lucchesi, 2018; Samata and Akhtar, 2018; Zhang et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

N-Terminus ofDrosophila MelanogasterMSL1 Is Critical for Dosage Compensation

Babosha

Klimenko

Tikhonova

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The male-specific lethal dosage compensation complex (MSL complex or DCC), which consists of five proteins and two non-coding roX RNAs, is necessary for the transcriptional enhancement of X-linked genes to compensate for the sex chromosome monosomy in Drosophila XY males, compared with XX females. MSL2 is a single protein component of the DCC that is expressed only in males and is essential for the specific recruitment of the DCC to the high-affinity “entry” sites (HASs) on the X chromosome. MSL2, together with MSL1, forms the heterotetrameric DCC core. Here, we demonstrated that the N-terminal unstructured region of MSL1 interacts with many different DNA-binding proteins that contain clusters of the C2H2 zinc-finger domains. Amino acid deletions in the N-terminal region of MSL1 strongly affect the binding of the DCC to the HASs on the male X chromosome. However, the binding of MSL2 to autosomal promoters was unaffected by amino acid deletions in MSL1. Males expressing mutant variants of MSL1 died during the larvae stage, demonstrating the critical role played by the N-terminal region in DCC activity. Our results suggest that MSL1 interacts with a variety of DNA-binding proteins to increase the specificity of DCC recruitment to the male X chromosome.BulletsThe N-terminal region of MSL1 interacts with 14 C2H2-type zinc-finger DNA-binding proteinsThe N-terminus of MSL1 is critical for the specific recruitment of the MSL complex to the X chromosomeThe N-terminus of MSL1 is important for the binding of MSL2 to a small fraction of autosomal promoters

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Chromosome-level Assembly, Dosage Compensation and Sex-biased Gene Expression in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

Zhuo

et al. 2022

Genome Biology and Evolution

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In insects, sex chromosome differentiation often results in unequal gene dosages between sexes. Dosage compensation mechanisms evolve to balance gene expression, but the degree and mechanism of regulation often vary by insect species. In hemipteran species, the small brown planthopper (SBPH), Laodelphax striatellus, is an injurious crop pest, with a sex chromosome type XX in females and XO in males. This species offers the opportunity to study dosage compensation and sex-biased gene expression. In this study, we generated a chromosome-level genome of SBPH using Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) and high-throughput chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) technology. We also sequenced RNA-seq data from 16 tissue samples to annotate the genome and analyze gene dosage compensation. We finally obtained a 510.2 megabases (Mb) genome with 99.12% of the scaffolds anchored on 15 chromosomes (14 autosomes and 1 X-chromosome) and annotated 16160 protein-coding genes based on full-length cDNA sequencing data. Furthermore, we found complete dosage compensation in all L. striatellus somatic tissues, but lack of dosage compensation in gonad tissue testis. We also found that female-biased genes were significantly enriched on the X-chromosome in all tissues, whereas male-biased genes in gonad tissues were enriched on autosomes. This study not only provides a high-quality genome assembly but also lays a foundation for a better understanding of the sexual regulatory network in hemipteran insects.

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Recent progress and open questions inDrosophiladosage compensation

Cited by 5 publications

References 63 publications

Interaction of Male Specific Lethal complex and genomic imbalance on global gene expression in Drosophila

Interaction of Male Specific Lethal complex and genomic imbalance on global gene expression in Drosophila

N-Terminus ofDrosophila MelanogasterMSL1 Is Critical for Dosage Compensation

Chromosome-level Assembly, Dosage Compensation and Sex-biased Gene Expression in the Small Brown Planthopper, Laodelphax striatellus

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