Recent perspectives on microbial and ionic liquid interactions with implications for biorefineries

From trash to cash: current strategies for bio-upcycling of recaptured monomeric building blocks from poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) waste

“…258,262 The general mechanism of such interactions involves the sorption and penetration of the IL moiety into the cell wall, following the deactivation of membrane proteins and disorganization of the phospholipidic bilayer, leaching intracellular cytoplasm, then the formation of IL-phospholipid micelles and further disintegration of the bilayer, and cell lysis. 252,[262][263][264][265] Other IL-toxicological mechanisms were also proposed such hyperpolarization of the mitochondrial membrane (leading the production of reactive oxygen species, ROS), interaction with membrane proteins, enzymes, and biomolecules (ATP, DNA, RNA, ribosomes), alteration of electron and proton transfer cell pathways (in this case due to perfluorinated anions hydrolysis, releasing fluorine). 256,261,263,264,266 In the case of DESs, the toxicity can be attributed to the synergistic interactions in the supramolecular structure of eutectic mixture, such as hydrogen bonding network and charge delocalization, from starting materials, which have their intrinsic characteristics altered during the formation of DESs, resulting in different properties.…”

“…This information combined with post-genomics techniques can help in the engineering of green solvents-tolerant strains. 253,256,265 After reclaiming PET monomers from plastic residues, they can be directed as substrate for a bio-upcycling phase. Few microorganisms are naturally able to either biodegrade PET, consume its monomers and produce higher-added value metabolites.…”

From green to circular chemistry paved by biocatalysis

“…On the other hand, different strategies can be used for the development of IL-resistant host strains. 45,46 For instance, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has been used to adapt E. coli MG1655-A1 to for 4 different imidazolium ILs ([Emim][Cl], [Emim][Ac], [Bmim][Cl], and [Bmim][Ac]) usually used for biomass pretreatment enabling one-pot biofuel production. 47…”

“…On the other hand, different strategies can be used for the development of IL-resistant host strains. 45,46 For instance, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) has been used to adapt…”

Progress in the applications of biocompatible ionic liquids: renewable commodity production, catalytic and pharmaceutical approaches – a review

“…Likewise, the modernization of conventional industrial processes has gone through changes to become more environmentally friendly, such as the replacement of chemical processes by enzymatic catalysis. 1 Reaction media usually contain volatile organic solvents, which have a denaturing effect on cells and pose health and environmental risks. Thus, ionic liquids (ILs) have emerged as a smart choice of solvents in green chemistry, also known as neoteric green solvents.…”