Recent perspectives of breast cancer prognosis and predictive factors

Cao, Susheng; Lu, Cuntao

doi:10.3892/ol.2016.5149

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Many factors have been reported as the prognostic factors of patients with breast cancer [ 32 ] and have been used as predictors to predict breast cancer outcomes by several prognostic models over the years. For instance, NPI is based on the tumor size, histopathological grading and lymph node status [ 9 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival Using Flexible Parametric Survival Modeling: Analysis of a Hospital-Based National Clinical Cancer Registry

Pongnikorn

Phinyo

Patumanond

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Prognostic models for breast cancer developed from Western countries performed less accurately in the Asian population. We aimed to develop a survival prediction model for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) for Thai patients with breast cancer. We conducted a prognostic model research using a multicenter hospital-based cancer clinical registry from the Network of National Cancer Institutes of Thailand. All women diagnosed with breast cancer who underwent surgery between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2011 were included in the analysis. A flexible parametric survival model was used for developing the prognostic model for OS and DFS prediction. During the study period, 2021 patients were included. Of these, 1386 patients with 590 events were available for a complete-case analysis. The newly derived individualized prediction of breast cancer survival or the IPBS model consists of twelve routinely available predictors. The C-statistics from the OS and the DFS model were 0.72 and 0.70, respectively. The model showed good calibration for the prediction of five-year OS and DFS. The IPBS model provides good performance for the prediction of OS and PFS for breast cancer patients. A further external validation study is required before clinical implementation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival Using Flexible Parametric Survival Modeling: Analysis of a Hospital-Based National Clinical Cancer Registry

Pongnikorn

Phinyo

Patumanond

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Clinically diagnosed cancers are more prone to have axillary lymph node metastases with an incidence of 38% to 45% compared with those diagnosed by screening (18% to 25%) [24] . The 5-year survival for tumors of less than 1 cm is reported to be 99%, and for those tumors with 3 to 5 cm is 86% [25] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermammary breast cancer; the first reported case

Salih

Hammood²,

Pshtiwan³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Surgery Case Reports

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Introduction Cancer of the breast is the most common cancer among females. The current study aims to report and discuss a rare case of breast cancer in the intermammary region. Case report A 61-year-old lady presented with intermammary swelling for three months. Ultrasound examination showed a hypoechoic micro lobulated mass with internal vascularity seated on the chest wall. There was pathological lymphnodes in the right axilla. Core needle biopsy suspected invasive ductal carcinoma of no specific type. The patient was referred to an oncology center receiving 21 cycles of radiotherapy and hormonal therapy. Discussion The most common site of the occurrence of breast cancer is the upper outer quadrant (found in one-third of patients), followed by the upper inner quadrant (9.4%)—both lower outer and inner quadrants (5.2%) and rarely in the central portion. Intermammary breast cancer is an infrequent finding. Conclusion Although it is extremely rare, breast cancer could occur in the intermammary region. It has the same management strategy as breast cancer.

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“…In addition, adjuvant systemic therapy is given depending on the perceived aggressiveness of the removed cancer. Currently the established prognostic parameter include histological grade, tumor size, presence of lymph node metastasis, tumor cell proliferation (Ki67 labeling index; Ki67LI) as well as hormonal receptor and HER2 status ( 2-4 ) (Ki67) ( 5 ). In many patients, supplementary molecular parameters are analyzed ( 6-8 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High mitochondrial content is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness

et al. 2021

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Mitochondria are relevant for cancer initiation and progression. Antibodies against mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II (MTCO2), targeting a mitochondria specific epitope, can be used to quantitate the mitochondria content of tumor cells. The present study evaluated the impact of the cellular mitochondrial content on the prognosis of patients with breast cancer using immunohistochemical analysis on 2,197 arrayed breast cancer specimens. Results were compared with histological tumor parameters, patient overall survival, tumor cell proliferation using Ki67 labeling index (Ki67LI) and various other molecular features. Tumor cells exhibited stronger MTCO2 expression than normal breast epithelial cells. MTCO2 immunostaining was largely absent in normal breast epithelium, but was observed in 71.9% of 1,797 analyzable cancer specimens, including 34.6% tumors with weak expression, 22.3% with moderate expression and 15.0% with strong expression. High MTCO2 expression was significantly associated with advanced tumor stage, high Bloom-Richardson-Elston/Nottingham (BRE) grade, nodal metastasis and shorter overall survival (P<0.0001 each). In multivariate analysis, MTCO2 expression did not provide prognostic information independent of BRE grade, pathological tumor and pathological lymph node status. Additionally, significant associations were observed for high MTCO2 expression and various molecular features, including high Ki67LI, amplifications of HER2, MYC, CCND1 and MDM2, deletions of PTEN, 8p21 and 9p, low estrogen receptor expression (P<0.0001 each) and progesterone receptor expression (P<0.0001). The present study demonstrated that high MTCO2 expression was strongly associated with a poor prognosis and unfavorable phenotypical and molecular tumor features in patients with breast cancer. This suggests that the mitochondrial content may have a pivotal role in breast cancer progression.

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Recent perspectives of breast cancer prognosis and predictive factors

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival Using Flexible Parametric Survival Modeling: Analysis of a Hospital-Based National Clinical Cancer Registry

Individualized Prediction of Breast Cancer Survival Using Flexible Parametric Survival Modeling: Analysis of a Hospital-Based National Clinical Cancer Registry

Intermammary breast cancer; the first reported case

High mitochondrial content is associated with breast cancer aggressiveness

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