Recent Patents on Emerging Therapeutics for the Treatment of Glaucoma, Age Related Macular Degeneration and Uveitis

Vadlapudi, Aswani Dutt; Patel, Ashaben; Cholkar, Kishore; Mitra, Ashim K.

doi:10.2174/1874764711205010083

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 174 publications

(160 reference statements)

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“…6 Inflammation is commonly associated with ocular pathologies such as, but not limited to, uveitis, immune rejection of corneal transplants, dry eye syndrome, keratitis, age-related macular degeneration, and retinitis. 7 To treat such chronic conditions, sustained drug delivery systems are required. Currently, such inflammatory conditions are treated with repeated topical applications, preferably eye drops.…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Strategies for Anterior Segment Ocular Drug Delivery

Cholkar

Patel

Vadlapudi

et al. 2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Research advancements in pharmaceutical sciences have led to the development of new strategies in drug delivery to anterior segment. Designing a new delivery system that can efficiently target the diseased anterior ocular tissue, generate high drug levels, and maintain prolonged and effective concentrations with no or minimal side effects is the major focus of current research. Drug delivery by traditional method of administration via topical dosing is impeded by ocular static and dynamic barriers. Various products have been introduced into the market that prolong drug retention in the precorneal pocket and to improve bioavailability. However, there is a need of a delivery system that can provide controlled release to treat chronic ocular diseases with a reduced dosing frequency without causing any visual disturbances. This review provides an overview of anterior ocular barriers along with strategies to overcome these ocular barriers and deliver therapeutic agents to the affected anterior ocular tissue with a special emphasis on nanotechnology-based drug delivery approaches.

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confidence: 99%

Novel Strategies for Anterior Segment Ocular Drug Delivery

Cholkar

Patel

Vadlapudi

et al. 2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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145

107

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“…It is more comfortable and patient compliant than dorzolamide (2.0%) [17]. Common side effects associated with topical dorzolamide and brinzolamide include local irritation, stinging, skin rash, redness, pruritus, blurred vision and corneal decompensation [18]. Initially several CAI derivatives were synthesized to improve solubility, ocular tissue permeation and to overcome such adverse effects [19].…”

Section: Glaucoma Inhibitorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glaucoma is a multifactorial ocular disease characterized by progressive degeneration of retinal ganglion cells (neuropathy) and irreversible loss of visual field leading to blindness [1,2]. It is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide that disproportionately affect women and Asians.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discovery of novel inhibitors for the treatment of glaucoma

Cholkar

Trinh

Pal

et al. 2015

Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery

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Introduction Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease with heterogeneous causes that result in retinal ganglionic cell death (RGC). The discovery of ocular anti-hypertensives has shifted glaucoma therapy, largely, from surgery to medical intervention. Indeed, several intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering drugs, with different mechanisms of action and RGC protective property, have been developed. Areas covered In this review, the authors discuss the main new class of kinase inhibitors used as glaucoma treatments, which lower IOP by enhancing drainage and/or lowering production of aqueous humor. The authors include novel inhibitors under preclinical evaluation and investigation for their anti-glaucoma treatment. Additionally, the authors look at treatments that are in clinics now and which may be available in the near future. Expert opinion Treatment of glaucoma remains challenging because the exact cause is yet to be delineated. Neuroprotection to the optic nerve head is undisputable. The novel ROCK inhibitors have the capacity to lower IOP and provide optic nerve and RGC protection. In particular, the S-isomer of roscovitine has the capacity to lower IOP and provide neuroprotection. Combinations of selected drugs, which can provide maximal and sustained IOP lowering effects as well as neuroprotection, are paramount to the prevention of glaucoma progression. In the near future, microRNA intervention may be considered as a potential therapeutic target.

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“…The complex anatomy and physiology of the eye restricts drug entry to the desired site of action, thus rendering it a highly protected organ [1]. Furthermore, existence of static and dynamic barriers, including the lipophilic corneal epithelium, hydrophilic corneal and scleral stroma, conjunctival lymphatics, choroidal vasculature and blood–ocular barriers, also pose a significant challenge for ocular drug absorption [2,3].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, it is largely associated with a growing risk of tissue damage, infection and serious adverse effects. Therefore, a successful topical formulation enabling drug delivery to the front- and back-of-the-eye would redefine ocular drug delivery and provide opportunities to address large markets, including dry eye syndrome, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, cytomegalovirus retinitis, diabetic retinopathy and other inherited retinal degenerative diseases [1,7–11]. Several drugs are currently available for effective treatment of ocular disorders.…”

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confidence: 99%