Recent nanoparticle engineering advances in microalgal cultivation and harvesting processes of biodiesel production: A review

Highly charged cellulose-based nanocrystals as flocculants for harvesting Chlorella vulgaris

“…Iron based nanoparticles are reported to be in general more efficient and capable of flocculation followed by magnetically separation but this type of nanoparticles currently lacks chemical stability to be applied in microalgal harvesting (Lim et al, 2012). Alloy-based nanoparticles, such as FePt, FePd and FeCo are more stable but they are currently only used in biomedical applications due to their high production costs (Lee et al, 2015). Biodegradable organic flocculants could offer an alternative, as was recently demonstrated for chitosan, cationic starch and tannins (Vandamme et al, 2010;Roselet et al, 2015).…”

Tri-functionality of Fe3O4-embedded carbon microparticles in microalgae harvesting

“…The surface charge is also essential to attract negatively charged microalgae [17,18]. Furthermore, magnetic particles that could be comprehensively applied in multiple downstream steps are preferable to minimize production costs, but integrated approaches have rarely been attempted in microalgal biorefineries [19]. For example, intracellular lipids from microalgae are required in order to produce microalgal biodiesel.…”

Mild pressure induces rapid accumulation of neutral lipid (triacylglycerol) in Chlorella spp.

“…1). And they imply that pressure treatment, without compromising its beneficial effect on TAG induction, could be utilized for wide ranges of algal suspensions, presumably from diluted cases ($1.5 g cell/L directly collected from cultivation systems such as photobioreactors and open ponds; Lee et al, 2015) to concentrated ones ($200 g cell/L obtainable by various harvesting methods such as centrifugation, filtration and air flotation; Seo et al, 2016). Various chemicals such as aminoclay, Brefeldin A and fenpropimorph have been applied for enhancement of lipid accumulation in microalgae (Kim et al, 2013(Kim et al, , 2015(Kim et al, , 2016aSingh et al, 2016).…”