Recent mouse and rat methods for the study of experimental oral candidiasis

Costa, Anna Carolina Borges Pereira; Pereira, Cristiane Aparecida; Junqueira, Juliana Campos; Jorge, Antônio Olavo Cardoso

doi:10.4161/viru.25199

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…The demonstrated similarity to human disease processes and host immune responses made the rodent model the premier model to study Candida pathogenesis. In fact, a large gamut of clinically relevant animal models are available to study the various systemic or mucosal diseases caused by Candida [23,51,[220][221][222][223].…”

Section: Mouse Model Of Oropharyngeal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Vila

Sultan

Montelongo-Jauregui

et al. 2020

JoF

244

241

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Oral candidiasis, commonly referred to as “thrush,” is an opportunistic fungal infection that commonly affects the oral mucosa. The main causative agent, Candida albicans, is a highly versatile commensal organism that is well adapted to its human host; however, changes in the host microenvironment can promote the transition from one of commensalism to pathogen. This transition is heavily reliant on an impressive repertoire of virulence factors, most notably cell surface adhesins, proteolytic enzymes, morphologic switching, and the development of drug resistance. In the oral cavity, the co-adhesion of C. albicans with bacteria is crucial for its persistence, and a wide range of synergistic interactions with various oral species were described to enhance colonization in the host. As a frequent colonizer of the oral mucosa, the host immune response in the oral cavity is oriented toward a more tolerogenic state and, therefore, local innate immune defenses play a central role in maintaining Candida in its commensal state. Specifically, in addition to preventing Candida adherence to epithelial cells, saliva is enriched with anti-candidal peptides, considered to be part of the host innate immunity. The T helper 17 (Th17)-type adaptive immune response is mainly involved in mucosal host defenses, controlling initial growth of Candida and inhibiting subsequent tissue invasion. Animal models, most notably the mouse model of oropharyngeal candidiasis and the rat model of denture stomatitis, are instrumental in our understanding of Candida virulence factors and the factors leading to host susceptibility to infections. Given the continuing rise in development of resistance to the limited number of traditional antifungal agents, novel therapeutic strategies are directed toward identifying bioactive compounds that target pathogenic mechanisms to prevent C. albicans transition from harmless commensal to pathogen.

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Section: Mouse Model Of Oropharyngeal Candidiasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Vila

Sultan

Montelongo-Jauregui

et al. 2020

JoF

244

241

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“…Yeasts of the species C. albicans account for 80-90% of all cases of CAC, although other species can also be implicated, such as C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. stellatoidea, C. guilliermondii, and C. krusei (Lund et al, 2010;Costa et al, 2013;Alam et al, 2014;Hellstein & Marek, 2019;Punnia-Moorthy, 2019). In the present study, more than 90% of isolates were identified as C. albicans, either as the sole species identified or as one of the species involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 44%

“…The most commonly used antifungal agents for the treatment of CAC are polyene antifungals (nystatin), which alter the permeability of the fungal cytoplasmic membrane, azole antifungals (miconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole), which bind to the membrane and destroy its constituent components, rendering it nonfunctional, and DNA analogs (flucytosine), which interfere with fungal nucleic acid synthesis (Skupien et al, 2013;Lalla and Dongari-Bagtzoglou, 2014;Tay et al, 2014). For systemic therapy, intravenous amphotericin B can be administered in extreme cases; however, it is an extremely strong medication associated with immediate adverse effects, such as fever, chills, and nausea (Costa et al, 2013). Fluconazole, administered orally or intravenously, can provide a viable alternative, especially in cases of disseminated candidiasis, due to its high efficacy and low toxicity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity to antifungals by Candida spp samples isolated from cases of chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC)

et al. 2020

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Abstract The treatment of choice for chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC), also known as denture stomatitis, is topical antifungal therapy. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and assess the antifungal susceptibility of Candida species from mucosal sites in denture wearers with a diagnosis of CAC and determine the prevalence of associated variables. The sample consisted of 44 patients wearing complete or partial dentures who had a clinical diagnosis of CAC. Using sterile cotton swabs, specimens were collected from the oral mucosa of all patients and grown at 30ºC for 48 h in CHROMagar Candida, as a means of isolating and screening the species. The complementary identification of the species was performed using the VITEK 2 automated system (BioMérieux), as well as the determination of their susceptibility to antifungal agents. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test. STATA 13.1 was used for statistical analysis (α = 5%). Of 44 patients with CAC, 33 (75%) had lesions classified as Newton type II. Yeasts were isolated in 38 cases. The most prevalent species was Candida albicans. None of the isolates were resistant to the antifungals tested. Our findings suggest that current indications for antifungal agents are appropriate. Also, antifungal susceptibility testing and proper fungal identification can help dentists to determine the optimal course of treatment for CAC.

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“…Among these mucosal models, most involve only one mucosal site. For example, oropharyngeal candidiasis has been created by the use of immunosuppressive agents [12][13][14] or other predisposing factors, such as irradiation, xerostomia and murine AIDS [15][16][17]. Vaginal candidiasis has been introduced mainly via estrogen treatment [8,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination of Estrogen and Immunosuppressive Agents to Establish a Mouse Model of Candidiasis with Concurrent Oral and Vaginal Mucosal Infection

Wang

Mei

et al. 2015

Mycopathologia

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Mouse model is an appropriate tool for pathogenic determination and study of host defenses during the fungal infection. Here, we established a mouse model of candidiasis with concurrent oral and vaginal mucosal infection. Two C. albicans strains sourced from clinical candidemia (SC5314) and mucosal infection (ATCC62342) were tested in ICR mice. The different combinational panels covering estrogen and immunosuppressive agents, cortisone, prednisolone and cyclophosphamide were used for concurrent oral and vaginal candidiasis establishment. Prednisolone in combination with estrogen proved an optimal mode for concurrent mucosal infection establishment. The model maintained for 1 week with fungal burden reached at least 10(5) cfu/g of tissue. This mouse model was evaluated by in vivo pharmacodynamics of fluconazole and host mucosal immunity of IL-17 and IL-23. Mice infected by SC5314 were cured by fluconazole. An increase in IL-23 in both oral and vaginal homogenates was observed after infection, while IL-17 only had a prominent elevation in oral tissue. This model could properly mimic complicated clinical conditions and provides a valuable means for antifungal assay in vivo and may also provide a useful method for the evaluation of host-fungal interactions.

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Recent mouse and rat methods for the study of experimental oral candidiasis

Cited by 40 publications

References 69 publications

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Oral Candidiasis: A Disease of Opportunity

Sensitivity to antifungals by Candida spp samples isolated from cases of chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC)

Combination of Estrogen and Immunosuppressive Agents to Establish a Mouse Model of Candidiasis with Concurrent Oral and Vaginal Mucosal Infection

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