Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents

Goodyer, Ian; Herbert, J.; Tamplin, Alison; Altham, P. M. E.

doi:10.1192/bjp.177.6.499

Cited by 372 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…However, there is preliminary evidence that susceptibility to the mood-lowering effects of ATD may be of prognostic significance in patients with recurrent depression (Ruhé et al 2007). In addition, it appears that elevated cortisol secretion may have a role in predicting depression in high-risk individuals (Goodyer et al 2000 ;Harris et al 2000). Neurobiological markers, such as elevated cortisol, could help to guide early intervention studies in young people before the onset of recurrent illness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

2007

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The tendency of major depression to recur is a leading problem in clinical management and is responsible for much of the illness burden. Until recently, biological studies of depression have focused on the mechanisms involved in acute illness but there are now many data to suggest that neurobiological abnormalities persist when depressed patients are clinically recovered and withdrawn from medication. These abnormalities encompass a number of neurochemical and neuropsychological mechanisms that could be relevant to recurrence, including changes in the availability of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor subtypes, decreases in cortical c-aminobutyric acid (GABA), increases in cortisol secretion and negative biases in the processing of emotional information. Studies of groups at high risk of depression before illness onset will help to clarify which biological abnormalities precede the development of depression and which are the product of recurrent illness. Ultimately this work should lead to a better understanding of the neurobiology of vulnerability to depression and more innovative approaches to primary and secondary prevention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

2007

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“…However, this occurred in the context of physical health and memory problems, and one study lacked a non-depressed comparison group (Fiocco et al, 2006). Psychosocial factors have been related to a dysregulated diurnal profile in adolescents ( [Goodyer et al, 2000], [Greaves-Lord et al, 2007] and [ Van den Bergh et al, 2008]). With the exception of one study, which reported greater CARs in male university students with higher depression scores (Pruessner et al, 2003b), there is limited research examining diurnal cortisol and affect in young adults.…”

Section: Depression Anxiety Social Support and Cortisolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Heaney¹,

Phillips²,

Carroll³

2010

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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The present study compared the cortisol awakening response and diurnal rhythm in 24 young healthy students and 48 community-dwelling older adults. The associations with diurnal cortisol and depression, anxiety and social support were also examined in relation to age. Salivary cortisol was measured over the course of one day: immediately upon awakening, 30 min later, and then 3 h, 6 h, 9 h and 12 h post-awakening. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression and social support was assessed. Older adults exhibited a significantly reduced awakening response, overall cortisol levels, area under the curve (AUC) and diurnal slopes than younger adults, resulting in a flatter diurnal rhythm. Younger adults with higher depression scores had significantly higher overall cortisol and higher levels upon awakening and 30 min postawakening. In the younger adults, anxiety and depression correlated positively with AUC and the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Older adults with lower social support had a reduced AUC where younger adults with lower social support displayed a larger AUC. These findings suggest that the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol are significantly reduced in older adults and the associations between anxiety, depression and social support and diurnal cortisol vary with age.

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“…Inconsistencies in findings may be a function of different methods of sampling hormone levels [18] or differences in the kinds of acute and chronic stressful events studied [19]. With morning samples, the relationship between stress hormones and affective states was positive [20,21,22], whereas daytime or evening samples showed a negative relationship to distress onset (anxious or depressed moods) and poor performance [17,23], at least for cortisol and norepinephrine. Distress may affect not only absolute hormone levels but also the diurnal profile of hormone release [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moods in everyday situations: effects of menstrual cycle, work, and stress hormones

Davydov¹,

Shapiro

Goldstein

et al. 2005

Journal of Psychosomatic Research

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Objective: This study examined women's mood responsiveness on work and off days during different phases of the menstrual cycle. Methods: Self reports of negative, positive, and energy dimensions of mood were obtained throughout the day on two work and two off days during the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle in 203 women nurses. Individual differences in daytime and nighttime epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol were assessed. Results: High daytime norepinephrine, epinephrine, and cortisol levels were associated with higher ratings of stress and tired, and with lower ratings of happy. Phase of the menstrual cycle and the day factor (work day, off day) were also associated with mood differences, and the direction of the effects depended on hormone levels and hormone sampling period. Conclusion: The experience of moods is affected by arousalrelated interaction of hormone levels with phase of the menstrual cycle and occupational stress.

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Recent life events, cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone and the onset of major depression in high-risk adolescents

Abstract: A subgroup of adolescents may carry a physiological risk for major depression which may be either of genetic and/or earlier psychosocial origin.

Cited by 372 publications

References 24 publications

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

‘It's not over when it's over’: persistent neurobiological abnormalities in recovered depressed patients

Ageing, depression, anxiety, social support and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol

Moods in everyday situations: effects of menstrual cycle, work, and stress hormones

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