Recent Insights into Anthocyanin Pigmentation, Synthesis, Trafficking, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis

Mackon, Enerand; Mackon, Guibeline Charlie Jeazet Dongho Epse; Ma, Yafei; Kashif, Muhammad; Ali, Niyaz; Usman, Babar; Liu, Piqing

doi:10.3390/biom11030394

Cited by 55 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…Though the exact genetic basis of coloration in organs remains unclear, there are reports predicting that the C1 locus might regulate the tissue-specific expression in black rice varieties. The R2R3-MYB might act as a potential activator of DFR and ANS involved in the ABP, mainly during hull pigmentation (Mackon et al, 2021). Interestingly, in the present study, OsC1 showed a coordinated expression pattern with the late ABP structural genes, indicating its involvement in regulating the pathway.…”

Section: Reduced Membrane Damage Observed Insupporting

confidence: 43%

A rice R2R3‐MYB (OsC1) transcriptional regulator improves oxidative stress tolerance by modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis

Upadhyaya

Das

Ray

2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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The R2R3 type MYB transcription factors participate in controlling flavonoid production in plants, including anthocyanin and proanthocyanin. Black rice with high anthocyanin content is an important candidate for understanding R2R3-MYB-based regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ABP). This study was undertaken to draw the functional relationship of an R2R3-MYB protein with anthocyanin biosynthesis and oxidative stress tolerance in plants. The expression levels of the late ABP genes in the panicle stage of black rice were in good agreement with the accumulation of anthocyanin, especially cyanidin 3-glucoside. Among all MYB genes present in rice, an R2R3 type (C1) regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and was studied further. The positive correlation between the expression of ABP genes and OsC1 along with the nuclear localization of OsC1 are in line with its possible involvement as a transcriptional regulator of ABP genes. Interestingly, OsC1 overexpressed in white rice plants triggered anthocyanin production through augmentation of the transcript level of late ABP genes. Moreover, OsC1-transformed plants exhibited a lower amount of reactive oxygen species upon exposure to oxidative stress. The increased anthocyanin content in white rice seedlings resulted in higher photosynthetic efficiency, less membrane damage and consequently lower oxidative stress.The OsC1 transcriptional regulator helps to ameliorate oxidative stresses in plants owing to its anthocyanin modulating ability. | INTRODUCTIONRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most significant staple food crop for a big part of the global human population. The most usually grown and widely consumed rice varieties bear green-colored leaves and seeds with white pericarp. However, several rice cultivars contain colored pigments such as black, purple, and brown due to the accumulation of anthocyanin in the pericarp region of the grain. Among all the cereal grains, the black rice variety has been found to show the highest total anthocyanin content (TAC; Mbanjo et al., 2020).Apart from being a health-benefiting compound, anthocyanin is the most predominant plant oxidation quencher molecule. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) quenching activity of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G), the most abundant rice anthocyanin, was reported by Zhang et al. (2010).Anthocyanin is produced through an extended flavonoid biosynthesis pathway in plants. The ABP genes are divided into two subgroups: early ABP genes [CHS (chalcone synthase), CHI (chalcone isomerase), F3H (Flavanone 3-Hydroxylase)] and late ABP genes [F3 0 H (Flavanone 3 0 -Hydroxylase), DFR (Dihydroflavonol 4-Reductase), ANS (Anthocyanidin Synthase)]. These ABP genes are regulated by the "MBW complex" (MYB, bHLH, and WD-repeats) transcription factors (TFs;Hichri et al., 2011). Among these, the activity of the R2R3-myeloblastosis (MYB) TFs has been reported to augment anthocyanin production by switching the ABP genes on/off and hence can regulate the pathway predominantly in many plant species (Albert

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Section: Reduced Membrane Damage Observed Insupporting

confidence: 43%

A rice R2R3‐MYB (OsC1) transcriptional regulator improves oxidative stress tolerance by modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis

Upadhyaya

Das

Ray

2021

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…High expression of anthocyanin pathway genes leads to a high accumulation of anthocyanins [ 4 , 6 ]. Ectopic expression of CHS gene from rice and UDP-GLUCOSYL TRANSFERASE gene from citrus triggers the anthocyanin and proanthocyanidins accumulation in rice and transgenic Arabidopsis , respectively [ 4 , 27 , 28 ]. The Arabidopsis leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase ( LDOX ) is required for vacuole development and proanthocyanidin synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Metabolism and Molecular Characterization of Associated Genes in Sugarcane Rinds Using the Metabolome and Transcriptome

Rao

Duan

Yang

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Saccharum officinarum (sugarcane) is the fifth major cultivated crop around the world. Sugarcane rind is a promising source for anthocyanin pigments; however, limited information is available on the anthocyanin and its biosynthesis in sugarcane rinds. In this study, we have quantified 49 compounds including 6 flavonoids and 43 anthocyanins in the rind of 6 sugarcane cultivars by using LCMS/MS approach. Thirty of them were quantified for the first time in sugarcane. The 43 anthocyanins included 10 cyanidin (Cya), 11 pelargonidin (Pel), 9 peonidin (Peo), 5 malvidin (Mal), 4 delphinidin (Del), and 4 petunidin (Pet) metabolites. High contents of Cya derivatives were observed in the rind of YT71/210 (dark purple rind), such as cya-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu 1283.3 µg/g and cya-3-O-glu 482.67 µg/g followed by ROC22 (red rind) 821.3 µg/g and 409 µg/g, respectively, whereas the YT93/159 (green rind) showed a minimum level of these compounds. Among six cultivars, ROC22 rind has high levels of Peo derivatives such as peo-3-O-glu (197 µg/g), peo-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-glu (69 µg/g) and peo-3-O-(6-O-p-coumaryl)-glu (55.17 µg/g). The gene expression analysis revealed that some genes, including a MYB(t) gene, were highly associated with the color phenotype. Thus, we cloned and overexpressed the gene in Arabidopsis and found the pinkish brown color in the hypocotyl of all transgenic lines compared with the wild type. Hence, we have quantified a wide range of anthocyanins in major sugarcane cultivars, reported many new anthocyanins for the first time, and concluded that Cya and Peo derivatives are the major contributing factor of dissimilar colors in sugarcane. The finding and the verification of a novel MYB gene involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have demonstrated that our study was very valuable for gene discovery and genetic improvement of sugarcane cultivars to harvest high anthocyanin contents.

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“…Kushwaha et al (2020) reported that temperate climate could favor the rise in grain's anthocyanin content than the warm climate. In addition, the increase in the color intensity was increase the total anthocyanin content (Mackon et al 2021). Moreover, the color intensity and pericarp thickness had affected to anthocyanin content in rice pericarp.…”

Section: Nutritional Value and Antioxidant And Antidiabetic Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding for novel black short grain associated with yield, cooking quality, high nutrition and antioxidant potential derived from indica black rice x japonica white rice

Malumpong¹,

Narumol²,

Saichompoo³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The combination of the trend of Japanese food consumption with the health benefits of black rice is in high demand for rice consumers in Thailand. For this challenge, incorporation of desirable traits from temperate japonica white rice, Akitakomachi and tropical indica black rice, Riceberry was performed by pedigree selection with maker assisted selection (MAS) and these desirable traits have been presented in breeding progenies. The three candidate lines showed highly favorable agronomic characteristics and a high grain yield, with short grains and good cooking quality, similar to japonica rice, in a tropical climate. In addition, these lines showed black coloration of the pericarp, indicating high nutritional value (including Fe, Zn, Vit B6, Vit E and folate levels) and phytochemical, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities, similar to those of the Riceberry parent. In terms of the sensory testing of unpolished rice, two breeding lines (69-1-1 and 72-4-3) showed higher scores than their parents. However, only 69-1-1 was identified as japonica type according to its genetic background. Therefore, this breeding program, involving the crossing of a temperate japonica white rice with a tropical indica black rice, can create novel black short grain rice variety adapted to a tropical environment, similar to japonica-type rice.

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Recent Insights into Anthocyanin Pigmentation, Synthesis, Trafficking, and Regulatory Mechanisms in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Caryopsis

Cited by 55 publications

References 143 publications

A rice R2R3‐MYB (OsC1) transcriptional regulator improves oxidative stress tolerance by modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis

A rice R2R3‐MYB (OsC1) transcriptional regulator improves oxidative stress tolerance by modulating anthocyanin biosynthesis

Novel Insights into Anthocyanin Metabolism and Molecular Characterization of Associated Genes in Sugarcane Rinds Using the Metabolome and Transcriptome

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding for novel black short grain associated with yield, cooking quality, high nutrition and antioxidant potential derived from indica black rice x japonica white rice

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