Recent increase of breast cancer incidence among women under the age of forty

Bouchardy, Christine; Fioretta, G; Verkooijen, Helena M.; Vlastos, Georges; Schaefer, P.; Delaloye, Jean-François; Neyroud-Caspar, Isabelle; Majno, S. Balmer; Wespi, Y.; Forni, M.; Chappuis, P.; Sappino, André‐Pascal; Rapiti, Elisabetta

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6603783

Cited by 82 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Our study is the first nationally representative population-based sample. The increase in incidence we found was considerably less than reported by Bouchardy et al and more in line with findings from Levi et al [9,10] Both previous studies indicated that detection bias may be contributing to Swiss increases although screening is seldom recommended for women less than 50 years old. Unfortunately, we were unable to investigate effects of screening on our findings because we had no information on detection methods.…”

Section: Findings In Context With the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 60%

“…In contrast, an increase in the incidence of BC in younger Swiss women has been reported albeit inconsistently. Bouchardy et al found a substantial rise in BC incidence among women aged 25e39 years in Geneva, Switzerland during the period 2002-2004 [9]. However, these findings were based on a small number of cases from a single canton cancer registry (CR) and were not confirmed by data from two other Swiss CRs [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

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Breast cancer in younger women in Switzerland 1996–2009: A longitudinal population-based study

et al. 2015

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of death in younger women. Methods: We analysed incidence, mortality and relative survival (RS) in women with BC aged 20 e49 years at diagnosis, between 1996 and 2009 in Switzerland. Trends are reported as estimated annual percentage changes (EAPC). Results: Our findings confirm a slight increase in the incidence of BC in younger Swiss women during the period 1996e2009. The increase was largest in women aged 20e39 years (EAPC 1.8%). Mortality decreased in both age groups with similar EAPCs. Survival was lowest among women 20e39 years (10-year RS 73.4%). We observed no notable differences in stage of disease at diagnosis that might explain these differences. Conclusions: The increased incidence and lower survival in younger women diagnosed with BC in Switzerland indicates possible differences in risk factors, tumour biology and treatment characteristics that require additional examination.

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Section: Findings In Context With the Literaturesupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Breast cancer in younger women in Switzerland 1996–2009: A longitudinal population-based study

et al. 2015

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“…The incidence has also sharply increased in younger women in more recent years, mainly in industrialized countries (Bouchardy et al 2007;Parkin et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential of Diuron in a Rat Mammary Two-Stage Carcinogenesis Model

et al. 2011

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This study aimed to evaluate the carcinogenic potential of the herbicide Diuron in a two-stage rat medium-term mammary carcinogenesis model initiated by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). Female seven-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were allocated to six groups: groups G1 to G4 received intragastrically (i.g.) a single 50 mg/kg dose of DMBA; groups G5 and G6 received single administration of canola oil (vehicle of DMBA). Groups G1 and G5 received a basal diet, and groups G2, G3, G4, and G6 were fed the basal diet with the addition of Diuron at 250, 1250, 2500, and 2500 ppm, respectively. After twenty-five weeks, the animals were euthanized and mammary tumors were histologically confirmed and quantified. Tumor samples were also processed for immunohistochemical evaluation of the expressions of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cleaved caspase-3, estrogen receptor-a (ER-a), p63, bcl-2, and bak. Diuron treatment did not increase the incidence or multiplicity of mammary tumors (groups G2 to G4 versus Group G1). Also, exposure to Diuron did not alter tumor growth (cell proliferation and apoptosis indexes) or immunoreactivity to ER-a, p63 (myoephitelial marker), or bcl-2 and bak (apoptosis regulatory proteins). These findings indicate that Diuron does not have a promoting potential on mammary carcinogenesis in female SD rats initiated with DMBA.

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“…[2] Age-adjusted incidence has increased by about 1% per year from 1940 to 1980 and continues to rise, [3] with a growing number of women below the age of 40 affected by breast cancer in recent years. [4] doi: 10.2533/chimia.2008.406 sperm counts (see Germond and coworkers in this issue [14] ) together with the observations in wild life have raised the concern that there may be a causal link between hormone-dependent cancers and exposure to endocrine disruptors but proofs are difficult to come by. A case has been made for the organochlorine, dieldrin formerly used as an insecticide.…”

Section: Breast Cancer: the Factsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer

Brisken¹

2008

Chimia

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Breast cancer strikes one out of eight women in Switzerland. The increase in breast cancer incidence over the past 70 years parallels an enormous increase of man-made, persistent chemicals in our environment; some of which have endocrine-disrupting properties in wildlife and/or in animal models. Epidemiological evidence is strong that a woman's risk to get breast cancer is linked to her reproductive history and with that to the changes in her hormonal milieu. Exogenous hormones have also been shown to increase breast cancer risk, however, a causative link between exposure to endocrine disruptors and human disease is difficult establish as many of these compounds are ubiquitous and no unexposed controls exist. The synthetic estrogen, diethylstilbestrol (DES), that was given to pregnant women for three decades, was banned because it was linked to a vaginal carcinoma in their daughters. It has now been shown that not only women who have taken the drug themselves have increased breast cancer risk but also their daughters who were exposed in utero. This indicates that breast cancer risk can be affected by endocrine disruption not only in the adult but already in utero. Evidence from animal models is accumulating that perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant, low doses of a related compound, bisphenol A (BPA), alters breast development and increases breast cancer risk. Given the prevalence of endocrine-disrupting agents they deserve our attention.

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Recent increase of breast cancer incidence among women under the age of forty

Abstract: Using data from the Geneva Cancer Registry, we found that in 2002–2004, breast cancer incidence in women aged 25–39 years increased by 46.7% per year (95% CI: 7.1–74.0, P =0.015), which surveillance or detection bias may not fully explain.

Cited by 82 publications

References 9 publications

Breast cancer in younger women in Switzerland 1996–2009: A longitudinal population-based study

Breast cancer in younger women in Switzerland 1996–2009: A longitudinal population-based study

Evaluation of Carcinogenic Potential of Diuron in a Rat Mammary Two-Stage Carcinogenesis Model

Endocrine Disruptors and Breast Cancer

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