Recent incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children 0–14 years in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada climbs to over 45/100,000: a retrospective time trend study

Abstract

BackgroundTo study and update the provincial incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), a province of Canada with a very high incidence previously reported in 2006, and one of the highest incidences reported worldwide. This is a retrospective time trend study of the incidence of T1DM, in children aged 0–14 years from 1987–2010 inclusive.FindingsOver the study period 931 children aged 0–14 years were diagnosed with T1DM. The incidence of T1DM in this population over the period 1987 – 2010 inclusive was 37.7 per 100,000 per year (95% CI 35. 3, 40.2)The incidence from 2007–2010 was 49.9 per 100,000 per year (95% CI 42.2, 57.6). The incidence over this 24 year period increased by a factor of 1.03 per 100,000 per year.ConclusionNL has one of the highest incidences of T1DM reported worldwide. Potential reasons for the very high incidence could be related to the unique genetic background of the population, northern latitude and vitamin D insufficiency, low breastfeeding rates, and high rates of cesarean section.

Population-based incidence of diabetes in Australian youth aged 10-18 yr: increase in type 1 diabetes but not type 2 diabetes

“…The incidence of type 1 diabetes increased at a rate of 3.8% per year over the same period. This is consistent with average worldwide increase in the incidence of type 1 diabetes of around 3–5% . While type 2 diabetes is no longer a rare disease in youth, particularly in those from an Indigenous background, type 1 diabetes continues to represent the majority of new diabetes cases in 10–18 yr olds in our population.…”

Recent Incidence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in Montenegro: A Shift Toward Younger Age at Disease Onset

“…This is in accordance with other studies reporting the increasing incidence of T1DM mostly in younger age group [11][12][13][14] , but is completely different from data reported in Croatia where the increase in the disease incidence ceased in the youngest children 15 . Similar to some other studies 16,17 , we found a steep increase in the incidence T1DM in Montenegro boys under five years of age. A slight predominance of male children is noted in the populations with a higher incidence of T1DM.…”

Enterovirus infection is associated with an increased risk of childhood type 1 diabetes in Taiwan: a nationwide population-based cohort study

“…The worldwide DIAMOND Project [4] and the EURODIAB [2] multicentre prospective registration study in Europe showed an accelerating epidemic of type 1 diabetes across ethnicities and geographic areas. This trend in different countries and among different ethnicities may be explained by genetic background, chemical exposure and/or infectious pathogens among persons with diverse demographic characteristics [35]. Genetic factors alone cannot explain this rise in type 1 diabetes.…”