Recent HIV infection among newly diagnosed cases and associated factors in the Amhara regional state, Northern Ethiopia: HIV case surveillance data analysis (2019-2021)

Alemu, Tefera; Ayalew, Misganaw; Mahteme, Haile; Amsalu, Abraham; Ayal, Alie; Wale, Fisseha; Belay, Amogne; Desta, Birhanu; Geremew, Tesfahun Taddege; Lankir, Damtie; Bezabih, Belay

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.922385

Cited by 5 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…Seven facilities lacked functional generators for power backup and facilities that had functional generators faced fuel shortages. Our ndings were consistent with those who found that some of the challenges in the HIV CBS system were electricity outages and a lack of supplies to operate the system (12,13).…”

supporting

confidence: 91%

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Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case-Based Surveillance System – DireDawa City Administration, Ethiopia, July/2021-June/2022

Hagose,

Hailu,

Abagero

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background Ethiopia started Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Case-Based Surveillance (CBS) system along with the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) in June 2019. For the period January-June 2022, only five out of 14 CBS implementing health facilities in DireDawa reported 35 newly diagnosed HIV patients through the REDCap Database compared to 314 in the District Health Information System (DHIS-2). This study aimed to describe the case-based surveillance system attributes, usefulness, reasons for under-reporting and provide recommendations. Methods We followed a descriptive cross-sectional study design. We customized the data collection tools from the Centers for Disease Control guidelines (CDC) for evaluating public health surveillance systems. Questionnaires were administered to 36 healthcare workers involved in HIV testing services. Completed HIV CBS case reporting forms were assessed for completeness. Statistics like frequencies and proportions are used to describe the findings between August - October 2022. Results lack of reporting guidelines through the REDCap was 22(61%). limited coordination between technical staff and health facilities 19 (53%). limited competency in the REDCap 23(64%). Timeliness, completeness, and validity were 89%, 87%, and 99% in the REDCap respectively. There was a lack of standard operating procedures during system interruptions. Overall representativeness was 368(49%) of 757. Acceptability was 100% due to reduced paperwork and the ability to generate simple reports. The information generated was used to identify new infection hotspots in 31(86%). Conclusions The HIV cases-based surveillance system was timely and acceptable. Representativeness was poor due to limited competency in the REDCap. We recommended health workers need further training.

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supporting

confidence: 91%

“…Hence, evaluation of a surveillance system is vital in the identi cation of gaps in the system as well as ensuring improvement in the quality, e ciency, and usefulness of the system. (4) This evaluation sought to answer the following questions: What are the operations, functionality and attributes of the HIV surveillance system in Dire Dawa? (5)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case-Based Surveillance System – DireDawa City Administration, Ethiopia, July/2021-June/2022

Hagose,

Hailu,

Abagero

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…However, paradoxically, HIV infection rates are higher in urban areas. Similarly, individuals primary, secondary and higher education levels were at a higher risk of HIV infection [ 42 ], despite having better knowledge, attitudes, and testing related to HIV compared to those with no formal education [ 26 – 28 ]. This may contribute to the misunderstanding of equity in health care services.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ethiopia comprises 10 regions and two administration cities, one of which is the Amhara region where HIV infection is observed. Between 2019 and 2021, out of 3,129 individuals who underwent HIV testing in some parts of Amhara region, 14.2% tested positive for HIV [ 42 ]. Based on wealth quantile in 2016, the distribution in the Amhara region was as follows: 16.4% poorest, 21.0% poorer, 22.7% middle, 22.9% richer, and 17.0% richest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Equity in HIV/AIDS services requires optimization of mainstreaming sectors in Ethiopia

Endalamaw,

Gilks,

Ambaw

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background Mainstreaming HIV and AIDS across sectors is crucial to close the disparities in service provision and coverage. However, evidence has shown that certain social groups are left behind in receiving HIV/AIDS services. The objective of this study was twofold: to understand the reasons behind the existing inequities and to explore challenges of equity in HIV/AIDS services in the Amhara region of Ethiopia. Methods Twenty-two adults (aged 26–57 years) from eighteen sectors that are mainstreaming HIV and AIDS were purposefully selected until the point of saturation and participated in a semi-structured in-depth interview conducted between January 20 and February 17, 2023. Interviewees were asked to describe their mainstreaming experiences in equitable HIV/AIDS services, reflect on the challenges and barriers that impede equitable service provision, or explain the reasons behind the existence of inequity in HIV/AIDS services. The interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, translated, and iteratively analysed, with early analysis informing subsequent interviews. An inductive-reflexive thematic analysis was conducted, whereby themes and subthemes were identified, and the relationships between subthemes and patterns were critically reviewed. Results The challenges to equitable HIV/AIDS service provision were grouped into eight thematic areas: (1) changing contexts that shifts public and government attention to emerging diseases, war and political instability, and poverty; (2) leadership-related, such as the lack of supervision and monitoring, not politicising HIV/AIDS (not providing political attention to HIV/AIDS) and weak intersectoral collaboration; (3) financial constraints due to a random budgeting and contract interruption with non-governmental organisations (NGOs); (4) lack of resources due to scarcity and unfair distribution; (5) inadequate skilled personnel due to inadequate numbers and lack of continuous professional and career development; (6) lack of equity-related evidence-based tools and guidelines; (7) inadequate understanding of equity due to lack of training and misunderstanding, and lack of access to equity-oriented tools and guidelines; and (8) cultural norms, values, and perceptions. Conclusions This study identified critical challenges faced in the equitable HIV/AIDS services provision. To achieve equity in HIV/AIDS services, mainstreaming sectors need to invest in mechanisms to sustain services in emergency situations; identify effective leaders to maintain collaboration, monitoring, and evaluation; institutionalise responsive budgeting and establish alternative funds to maintain non-governmental organisations initiatives; provide continuous up-to-date training and create a common evidence-sharing platform; implement proper recruitment, education, and professional development of HIV/AIDS focal persons; and promote and practice culturally safe care. It is, therefore, essential to optimise sectors that are mainstreaming HIV/AIDS and incorporate equity considerations in their strategic plans and working guidelines.

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“…Behavioral and technical factors such as poor documentation practice, skill gap, and lack of experience which result in poor data quality and poor information utilization for decision-making were the other challenges for the surveillance system in Ethiopia. Moreover, the challenges to the surveillance of low-and middle-income countries including Ethiopia are limited resources, both fnancial and capacitated human resources [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Predictors of Severe Adverse Drug Reactions among Patients on Antiretroviral Drugs in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

Anbessa,

Hawulte,

Dingeta

et al. 2024

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

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Background. The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy improves the quality and longevity of people living with HIV/AIDS. However, adverse drug reactions associated with antiretroviral therapy compromise the resulting benefits and have been reported differently worldwide, including Ethiopia. Severe adverse drug reactions are one of the major public health concerns for the reason that they can potentially impede the benefit of antiretroviral therapy and put the patient’s survival at risk. Despite many successes achieved with the introduction of the combined antiretroviral therapy, the majority of the patients on antiretroviral therapy experience adverse drug reactions associated with the drugs. Consequently, little is known about the problem in the current study area. This is, therefore, to study incidence and predictors of severe adverse drug reactions among patients on antiretroviral drugs in the Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and predictors of severe adverse drug reactions among patients on antiretroviral therapy from February 25, 2022, to March 25, 2022, in the Harari region, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 449 randomly selected medical records of people living with HIV on first-line antiretroviral therapy. Collected data were entered into EpiData version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 15 for analysis. Kaplan–Meier survival curve with log-rank test was used to compare survival curves for categorical independent variables. A p value ≤0.05 was declared as significant, and an adjusted hazard ratio was used to report the effect size using the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Result. The overall incidence density of the severe adverse reactions was 7.22 per 1000 months (95% CI: 5.5, 9.6). After adjusting for all potential confounders using multivariable Cox proportional hazard ratio, advanced clinical diseases (AHR = 3.44; 95% CI: 1.54, 7.65), HIV/tuberculosis confections (AHR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.62), and being female (AHR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.57, 6.18) were significantly associated with the experience of severe adverse drug reactions. Conclusion. In this study, the incidence of severe adverse reactions was consistent with the previous studies, and advanced World Health Organization (WHO) clinical stage, HIV/TB confection, and being female were the independent predictors of the severe adverse drug reactions.

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Recent HIV infection among newly diagnosed cases and associated factors in the Amhara regional state, Northern Ethiopia: HIV case surveillance data analysis (2019-2021)

Cited by 5 publications

References 10 publications

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case-Based Surveillance System – DireDawa City Administration, Ethiopia, July/2021-June/2022

Evaluation of HIV/AIDS Case-Based Surveillance System – DireDawa City Administration, Ethiopia, July/2021-June/2022

Equity in HIV/AIDS services requires optimization of mainstreaming sectors in Ethiopia

Incidence and Predictors of Severe Adverse Drug Reactions among Patients on Antiretroviral Drugs in Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia

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