2018
DOI: 10.3390/su10113839
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Recent History, Types, and Future of Modern Caisson Technology: The Way to More Sustainable Practices

Abstract: The construction of caisson breakwaters dates from ancient times (Brindisi battle and Caesarea Maritima, Roman Empire) of yore but has evolved with regards to technology and the materials available at all times (wood, gravel, and rubble mound). The growth in draught in vessels searching for deep water depths for berthing plus environmental problems have led to the 20th century facilitating the boom in vertical types and concrete caissons built in different ways (dry and floating techniques). Furthermore, struc… Show more

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Cited by 14 publications
(16 citation statements)
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“…Life cycle analysis is used in order to be able to compare solutions with different materials and not only see which may be the most appropriate, but also see possible additional optimizations and define the line of work and, with it, research on structures which minimize the impact. The replacement of rubble-mounds with vertical breakwaters built with reinforced concrete caissons already led to a significant environmental improvement; this additional step shows advances in sustainability, environmental improvement, and the durability of materials [21]. A large number of cases were compared in this investigation, using the research version of the oneClick LCA Software.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Life cycle analysis is used in order to be able to compare solutions with different materials and not only see which may be the most appropriate, but also see possible additional optimizations and define the line of work and, with it, research on structures which minimize the impact. The replacement of rubble-mounds with vertical breakwaters built with reinforced concrete caissons already led to a significant environmental improvement; this additional step shows advances in sustainability, environmental improvement, and the durability of materials [21]. A large number of cases were compared in this investigation, using the research version of the oneClick LCA Software.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nowadays, precast concrete (floating) caissons are used in the construction of maritime infrastructures all over the world. These types of constructions have been highly developed in the last few years [ 1 ]. Various operations are carried out to complete the construction of a maritime infrastructure, among which the most important are the following: sea transportation from the construction yard to the target site, positioning at the target site and sinking to its final position.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Se ha utilizado el análisis del Ciclo de Vida con objeto de poder comparar soluciones con diferentes materiales y no sólo ver cuál puede ser la más adecuada, sino también ver posibles optimizaciones complementarias y definir la línea de trabajo y, con ello, la investigación en estructuras que minimicen el impacto. La sustitución de los diques de escollera en talud por los diques verticales con cajones de hormigón armado ya supusieron una importante mejora medioambiental, con este paso adicional se avanza en la sostenibilidad, la mejora ambiental y la durabilidad de los materiales [134].…”
Section: Metodologíaunclassified
“…En concreto, se ha realizado el análisis de la influencia del cemento utilizado, teniendo en cuenta por un lado las recomendaciones de la EHE [85] y por otro lado, el gráfico comparativo de las diferentes clases de cemento, según las EPD disponibles en España [143] (en otros países hay más variedad de EPDs, pero para ser coherentes con la ubicación de las obras, hemos preferido utilizar un máximo de datos locales disponibles). No olvidemos que el cemento representa un 7% del total de las emisiones del sector energía e industria , por lo que es muy importante actuar sobre este material, y todo lo que se pueda disminuir será de gran impacto [134].…”
Section: Elección Del Cementounclassified
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