Recent History of Stimulus Speeds Affects the Speed Tuning of Neurons in Area MT

Schlack, Anja; Krekelberg, Bart; Albright, Thomas D.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3165-07.2007

Cited by 46 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Similar effects have been observed with fMRI, suggesting priming related effects caused by the recent stimulus presentations (Moore and Engel, 2001). Adapted fMRI responses observed when repeating a stimulus have been attributed to reduction in the gain of the underlying neural response and/or retuning of the neural response (GrillSpector et al, 2006;Krekelberg et al, 2006;Schlack et al, 2007). The 4 s adaptation period used in our study (Fang et al, 2005), and the repulsive aftereffects we observe (Klink et al, 2008), are most consistent with a gain change interpretation of fMRI adaptation.…”

Section: Adaptation To Depth Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Estimation of Three-Dimensional Structure in the Human Brain

Preston¹,

Kourtzi²,

Welchman³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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Perceiving the three-dimensional (3D) properties of the environment relies on the brain bringing together ambiguous cues (e.g., binocular disparity, shading, texture) with information gained from short-and long-term experience. Perceptual aftereffects, in which the perception of an ambiguous 3D stimulus is biased away from the shape of a previously viewed stimulus, provide a sensitive means of probing this process, yet little is known about their neural basis. Here, we investigate 3D aftereffects using psychophysical and functional MRI (fMRI) adaptation paradigms to gain insight into the cortical circuits that mediate the perceptual interpretation of ambiguous depth signals. Using two classic bistable stimuli (Mach card, kinetic depth effect), we test aftereffects produced by 3D shapes defined by binocular (disparity) or monocular (texture, shading) depth cues. We show that the processing of ambiguous 3D stimuli in dorsal visual cortical areas (V3B/KO, V7) and posterior parietal regions is modulated by adaptation in line with perceptual aftereffects. Similar behavioral and fMRI adaptation effects for the two types of bistable stimuli suggest common neural substrates for depth aftereffects independent of the inducing depth cues (disparity, texture, shading). In line with current thinking about the role of adaptation in sensory optimization, our findings provide evidence that estimation of 3D shape in dorsal cortical areas takes account of the adaptive context to resolve depth ambiguity and interpret 3D structure.

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Section: Adaptation To Depth Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptive Estimation of Three-Dimensional Structure in the Human Brain

Preston¹,

Kourtzi²,

Welchman³

2009

J. Neurosci.

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“…The neural underpinnings of visual motion processing for constant speed targets have been studied extensively both in the monkey and man (for reviews, see Born and Bradley 2005;Orban et al 2003). Less is known about the brain substrates of kinematic estimates when the target speed changes continuously (Lisberger and Movshon 1999; Price et al 2005;Schlack et al 2007). In particular, target objects are frequently accelerated by Earth gravity (1g ϭ 9.81 m/s 2 ), as in free-fall or projectile motion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this poor perceptual sensitivity, the motor system does not seem to take into account unpredictable accelerations of a target in timing manual interceptions; instead, the latter are geared to target direction and speed (Engel and Soechting 2000;Port et al 1997;Senot et al 2003). Also, electrophysiological studies in the monkey showed that most neurons in a key visual-motion area, the middle temporal (MT) area, are tuned to direction and speed but not to acceleration, although an acceleration signal can be reconstructed from their population response (Lisberger and Movshon 1999;Price et al 2005;Schlack et al 2007). Neural responses to acceleration or deceleration in MT may be explained by speed-dependent adaptation rather than by an explicit code for acceleration/deceleration (Schlack et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, electrophysiological studies in the monkey showed that most neurons in a key visual-motion area, the middle temporal (MT) area, are tuned to direction and speed but not to acceleration, although an acceleration signal can be reconstructed from their population response (Lisberger and Movshon 1999;Price et al 2005;Schlack et al 2007). Neural responses to acceleration or deceleration in MT may be explained by speed-dependent adaptation rather than by an explicit code for acceleration/deceleration (Schlack et al 2007). Based on these observations, one might speculate that a selective tuning of 1g relative to 0g and to Ϫ1g might result from appropriate "read out" mechanisms of these motion signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of Targets in Smooth or Apparent Motion Along the Vertical in the Human Brain: An fMRI Study

Maffei

Macaluso

Indovina

et al. 2010

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Neural substrates for processing constant speed visual motion have been extensively studied. Less is known about the brain activity patterns when the target speed changes continuously, for instance under the influence of gravity. Using functional MRI (fMRI), here we compared brain responses to accelerating/decelerating targets with the responses to constant speed targets. The target could move along the vertical under gravity (1g), under reversed gravity (Ϫ1g), or at constant speed (0g). In the first experiment, subjects observed targets moving in smooth motion and responded to a GO signal delivered at a random time after target arrival. As expected, we found that the timing of the motor responses did not depend significantly on the specific motion law. Therefore brain activity in the contrast between different motion laws was not related to motor timing responses. Average BOLD signals were significantly greater for 1g targets than either 0g or Ϫ1g targets in a distributed network including bilateral insulae, left lingual gyrus, and brain stem. Moreover, in these regions, the mean activity decreased monotonically from 1g to 0g and to Ϫ1g. In the second experiment, subjects intercepted 1g, 0g, and Ϫ1g targets either in smooth motion (RM) or in long-range apparent motion (LAM). We found that the sites in the right insula and left lingual gyrus, which were selectively engaged by 1g targets in the first experiment, were also significantly more active during 1g trials than during Ϫ1g trials both in RM and LAM. The activity in 0g trials was again intermediate between that in 1g trials and that in Ϫ1g trials. Therefore in these regions the global activity modulation with the law of vertical motion appears to hold for both RM and LAM. Instead, a region in the inferior parietal lobule showed a preference for visual gravitational motion only in LAM but not RM.

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“…In MT, on the other hand, responsivity is reduced most strongly for stimuli that differ from the adapter. As a result, tuning shifts toward the adapter (Kohn and Movshon 2004; Krekelberg et al 2006b; Schlack et al 2007). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions

Patterson

Duijnhouwer

Wissig

et al. 2014

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Patterson CA, Duijnhouwer J, Wissig SC, Krekelberg B, Kohn A. Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions. J Neurophysiol 111: 1203-1213, 2014. First published December 26, 2013 doi:10.1152/jn.00030.2013.-Recent stimulus history, or adaptation, can alter neuronal response properties. Adaptation effects have been characterized in a number of visually responsive structures, from the retina to higher visual cortex. However, it remains unclear whether adaptation effects across stages of the visual system take a similar form in response to a particular sensory event. This is because studies typically probe a single structure or cortical area, using a stimulus ensemble chosen to provide potent drive to the cells of interest. Here we adopt an alternative approach and compare adaptation effects in primary visual cortex (V1) and area MT using identical stimulus ensembles. Previous work has suggested these areas adjust to recent stimulus drive in distinct ways. We show that this is not the case: adaptation effects in V1 and MT can involve weak or strong loss of responsivity and shifts in neuronal preference toward or away from the adapter, depending on stimulus size and adaptation duration. For a particular stimulus size and adaptation duration, however, effects are similar in nature and magnitude in V1 and MT. We also show that adaptation effects in MT of awake animals depend strongly on stimulus size. Our results suggest that the strategies for adjusting to recent stimulus history depend more strongly on adaptation duration and stimulus size than on the cortical area. Moreover, they indicate that different levels of the visual system adapt similarly to recent sensory experience. surround suppression; adaptation duration; motion processing; plasticity; V1 ADAPTATION, the stimulus history of the preceding hundreds of milliseconds to minutes, can profoundly change neuronal response properties. Adaptation effects have been characterized in the retina (e.g., Baccus and Meister 2002;Brown and

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Recent History of Stimulus Speeds Affects the Speed Tuning of Neurons in Area MT

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Adaptive Estimation of Three-Dimensional Structure in the Human Brain

Adaptive Estimation of Three-Dimensional Structure in the Human Brain

Processing of Targets in Smooth or Apparent Motion Along the Vertical in the Human Brain: An fMRI Study

Similar adaptation effects in primary visual cortex and area MT of the macaque monkey under matched stimulus conditions

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