RECENT GENE-CAPTURE ON THE UV SEX CHROMOSOMES OF THE MOSS<i>CERATODON PURPUREUS</i>

McDaniel, Stuart F.; Neubig, Kurt M.; Payton, Adam C.; Quatrano, Ralph S.; Cove, David J.

doi:10.1111/evo.12165

Cited by 37 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Only two cases of independent heteromorphic sex chromosome evolution in vascular plants have been studied so far: S. latifolia and R. hastatulus. Two further cases were analyzed in bryophytes (46,47). The previous large-scale analyses of S. latifolia and R. hastatulus were based on transcriptome sequencing (16)(17)(18)(19), which is likely to have resulted in analyses being biased toward sex-linked genes with actively expressed Y-linked copies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes

Papadopulos

Chester

Ridout

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

284

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The nonrecombining regions of animal Y chromosomes are known to undergo genetic degeneration, but previous work has failed to reveal large-scale gene degeneration on plant Y chromosomes. Here, we uncover rapid and extensive degeneration of Y-linked genes in a plant species, Silene latifolia, that evolved sex chromosomes de novo in the last 10 million years. Previous transcriptome-based studies of this species missed unexpressed, degenerate Y-linked genes. To identify sex-linked genes, regardless of their expression, we sequenced male and female genomes of S. latifolia and integrated the genomic contigs with a high-density genetic map. This revealed that 45% of Y-linked genes are not expressed, and 23% are interrupted by premature stop codons. This contrasts with X-linked genes, in which only 1.3% of genes contained stop codons and 4.3% of genes were not expressed in males. Loss of functional Y-linked genes is partly compensated for by gene-specific up-regulation of X-linked genes. Our results demonstrate that the rate of genetic degeneration of Y-linked genes in S. latifolia is as fast as in animals, and that the evolutionary trajectories of sex chromosomes are similar in the two kingdoms.sex chromosome evolution | Y degeneration | gene expression | dosage compensation | plants

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes

Papadopulos

Chester

Ridout

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

284

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“…Sex‐linked genes studied in the moss Ceratodon purpureus differ in divergence, so that it is possible that the non‐recombining portions of its U and V chromosomes may have evolved in two events (∼0.6–1.3 Ma and ∼2.8–3.5 Ma), after the divergence of C. purpureus from its likewise dioicous sister species (given current sampling), Trichodon cylindricus and Cheilothela chloropus (McDaniel et al, ). The male and female sex chromosomes are approximately five times larger than the average autosome (Heitz, ), and this was true in a genetic map as well (McDaniel et al, ).…”

Section: Status Of Knowledge About Bryophyte Sex Chromosomesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sex chromosomes of bryophytes: Recent insights, open questions, and reinvestigations of Frullania dilatata and Plagiochila asplenioides

Renner¹,

Heinrichs²,

Sousa³

2017

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The three bryophyte lineages have long-lived gametophytes that are either bisexual, producing both male-and female gametes, or sexually specialized and then producing only one type of gamete. Phylogenies suggest repeated evolutionary switches between these systems, implying that bryophyte sex chromosomes may have been gained and lost repeatedly. How this occurred is poorly understood, even though plant sex chromosomes were first discovered in liverworts. We explain how the sex chromosomes of haploid-dominant organisms are distinct from the better-studied X-Y and Z-W systems in the tree of life, summarise what is known about their distribution and genetic composition, and present new cytogenetic data for Frullania dilatata and Plagiochila asplenioides, the former with two U chromosomes and one V chromosome, the latter with one U chromosome and two V chromosomes; male and female C-values in F. dilatata are correspondingly asymmetric (the C-value of P. asplenioides is only known for female nuclei). So far, there is a lack of high-throughput sequencing, quantification, and in situ study of the repetitive DNA, organellar DNA, and transposable elements, and it is therefore not known what causes the size difference of U and V chromosomes from the autosomes or each other. Heterochromatin was also first discovered in bryophytes, but its function in their sex regulation has not been addressed. Studies of bryophyte sex chromosomes with combined cytogenetic and genomic approaches are fundamental for a fuller understanding of sex chromosome evolution across the tree of life.

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“…One of the fundamental life history differences between these two model mosses is that P. patens is hermaphroditic, while C. purpureus has separate, chromosomally determined sexes (Heitz ; McDaniel et al . , ). Thus, C. purpureus is an obligate outbreeder, while P. patens commonly selfs (McDaniel & Shaw ; Perroud et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

De novo assembly and comparative analysis of the Ceratodon purpureus transcriptome

Szövényi

Perroud

Symeonidi

et al. 2014

Molecular Ecology Resources

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The bryophytes are a morphologically and ecologically diverse group of plants that have recently emerged as major model systems for a variety of biological processes. In particular, the genome sequence of the moss, Physcomitrella patens, has significantly enhanced our understanding of the evolution of developmental processes in land plants. However, to fully explore the diversity within bryophytes, we need additional genomic resources. Here, we describe analyses of the transcriptomes of a male and a female isolate of the moss, Ceratodon purpureus, generated using the 454 FLX technology. Comparative analyses between C. purpureus and P. patens indicated that this strategy generated nearly complete coverage of the protonemal transcriptome. An analysis of the overlap in gene sets between C. purpureus and P. patens provides new insights into the evolution of gene family composition across the land plants. In spite of the overall transcriptomic similarity between the two species, Ka /Ks analysis of P. patens and C. purpureus suggests considerable physiological and developmental divergence. Additionally, while the codon usage was very similar between these two mosses, C. purpureus genes showed a slightly greater codon usage bias than P. patens genes potentially because of the contrasting mating system of the two species. Finally, we found evidence of a genome doubling ~65-76 MYA that likely coincided with the contemporaneous polyploidy event inferred for P. patens but postdates the divergence of P. patens and C. purpureus. The powerful laboratory tools now available for C. purpureus will enable the research community to fully exploit these genomic resources.

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RECENT GENE-CAPTURE ON THE UV SEX CHROMOSOMES OF THE MOSSCERATODON PURPUREUS

Cited by 37 publications

References 73 publications

Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes

Rapid Y degeneration and dosage compensation in plant sex chromosomes

The sex chromosomes of bryophytes: Recent insights, open questions, and reinvestigations of Frullania dilatata and Plagiochila asplenioides

De novo assembly and comparative analysis of the Ceratodon purpureus transcriptome

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