Recent evolutionary history of New Zealand's North and South Island Kokako (<i>Callaeas cinerea</i>) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Murphy, Stephen; Flux, Ian; Double, Michael C.

doi:10.1071/mu05007

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This pattern of population structure is not unique to Hemiphaga among New Zealand birds, suggesting a more general response of expansion out of refugia in the wake of expanding forest habitat. Similar low nucleotide diversity combined with high haplotype diversity is documented in the kokako ( Callaeas cinerea , Murphy et al. , 2006) and New Zealand robin ( Petroica australis , Miller & Lambert, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

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Population structure and biogeography of Hemiphaga pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) on islands in the New Zealand region

Goldberg

Trewick

Powlesland

2010

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The New Zealand avifauna includes lineages that lack close relatives elsewhere and have low diversity, characteristics sometimes ascribed to long geographic isolation. However, extinction at the population and species levels could yield the same pattern. A prominent example is the ecologically important pigeon genus Hemiphaga. In this study, we examined the population structure and phylogeography of Hemiphaga across islands in the region.Location New Zealand, Chatham Islands and Norfolk Island.Methods Mitochondrial DNA was sequenced for all species of the genus Hemiphaga. Sixty-seven individuals from mainland New Zealand (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae novaeseelandiae), six of the Chatham Islands sister species (Hemiphaga chathamensis), and three of the extinct Norfolk Island subspecies (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae spadicea) were included in this study. Novel D-loop and cytochrome b primers were designed to amplify DNA from museum samples. Additionally, five other mitochondrial genes were used to examine placement of the phylogenetic root.Results Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed three Hemiphaga clades, consistent with the allopatric populations of recognized (sub)species on oceanic islands. Of the 23 D-loop haplotypes among 67 New Zealand pigeons (Hemiphaga n. novaeseelandiae), 19 haplotypes were singletons and one haplotype was common and widespread. Population genetic diversity was shallow within and between New Zealand populations, indicating range expansion with high inter-population exchange. Tentative rooting of the Hemiphaga clade with cyt b data indicates exchange between mainland New Zealand and the Chatham Islands prior to colonization of Norfolk Island. We found low genetic divergence between populations on New Zealand, the Chatham Islands and Norfolk Island, but deep phylogenetic divergence from the closest living relatives of Hemiphaga. Main conclusionsThe data are consistent with the hypothesis of population reduction during the Pleistocene and subsequent expansion from forest refugia. Observed mobility of Hemiphaga when feeding helps explain the shallow diversity among populations on islands separated by many hundreds of kilometres of ocean. Together with comparison of distribution patterns observed among birds of the New Zealand region, these data suggest that endemicity might represent not long occupancy of an area, but descent from geologically recent colonizations. We consider the role of lineage pruning in creating the impression of old endemicity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…, 1995), whereas recent speciation in Plio‐Pleistocene time is evident in a number of New Zealand forest birds (e.g. kokako, Callaeas cinerea –Murphy et al. , 2006; parakeets –Boon et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population structure and biogeography of Hemiphaga pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) on islands in the New Zealand region

Goldberg

Trewick

Powlesland

2010

Journal of Biogeography

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“…Furthermore, the intra‐island divergence we describe here is also greater than that separating North Island Kokako ( Callaeas cinerea wilsoni ) and South Island Kokako ( C. c. cinerea ) (4.9 ± 1.0% for the control region) (Murphy et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Population structure within an alpine archipelago: strong signature of past climate change in the New Zealand rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris)

Weston

Robertson

2015

Molecular Ecology

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Naturally subdivided populations such as those occupying high-altitude habitat patches of the 'alpine archipelago' can provide significant insight into past biogeographical change and serve as useful models for predicting future responses to anthropogenic climate change. Among New Zealand's alpine taxa, phylogenetic studies support two major radiations: the first correlating with geological forces (Pliocene uplift) and the second with climatic processes (Pleistocene glaciations). The rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris) is a threatened alpine passerine belonging to the endemic New Zealand wren family (Acanthisittidae). Rock wren constitute a widespread, naturally fragmented population, occurring in patches of suitable habitat over c. 900 m in altitude throughout the length of the South Island, New Zealand. We investigated the relative role of historical geological versus climatic processes in shaping the genetic structure of rock wren (N = 134) throughout their range. Using microsatellites combined with nuclear and mtDNA sequence data, we identify a deep north-south divergence in rock wren (3.7 ± 0.5% at cytochrome b) consistent with the glacial refugia hypothesis whereby populations were restricted in isolated refugia during the Pleistocene c. 2 Ma. This is the first study of an alpine vertebrate to test and provide strong evidence for the glacial refugia hypothesis as an explanation for the low endemicity central zone known as the biotic 'gap' in the South Island of New Zealand.

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“…2001) sometimes reduce the power of this inference. Many birds and plants have North Island and South Island subspecies, some of which may show concordant genetic disjunctions (Miller & Lambert 2006; Murphy et al. 2006; Smissen et al.…”

Section: Emerging Multi‐taxon Patternsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

Wallis¹,

Trewick²

2009

Molecular Ecology

237

232

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New Zealand has long been a conundrum to biogeographers, possessing as it does geophysical and biotic features characteristic of both an island and a continent. This schism is reflected in provocative debate among dispersalist, vicariance biogeographic and panbiogeographic schools. A strong history in biogeography has spawned many hypotheses, which have begun to be addressed by a flood of molecular analyses. The time is now ripe to synthesize these findings on a background of geological and ecological knowledge. It has become increasingly apparent that most of the biota of New Zealand has links with other southern lands (particularly Australia) that are much more recent than the breakup of Gondwana. A compilation of molecular phylogenetic analyses of ca 100 plant and animal groups reveals that only 10% of these are even plausibly of archaic origin dating to the vicariant splitting of Zealandia from Gondwana. Effects of lineage extinction and lack of good calibrations in many cases strongly suggest that the actual proportion is even lower, in keeping with extensive Oligocene inundation of Zealandia. A wide compilation of papers covering phylogeographic structuring of terrestrial, freshwater and marine species shows some patterns emerging. These include: east-west splits across the Southern Alps, eastwest splits across North Island, north-south splits across South Island, star phylogenies of southern mountain isolates, spread from northern, central and southern areas of high endemism, and recent recolonization (postvolcanic and anthropogenic). Excepting the last of these, most of these patterns seem to date to late Pliocene, coinciding with the rapid uplift of the Southern Alps. The diversity of New Zealand geological processes (sinking, uplift, tilting, sea level change, erosion, volcanism, glaciation) has produced numerous patterns, making generalizations difficult. Many species maintain pre-Pleistocene lineages, with phylogeographic structuring more similar to the Mediterranean region than northern Europe. This structure reflects the fact that glaciation was far from ubiquitous, despite the topography. Intriguingly, then, origins of the flora and fauna are island-like, whereas phylogeographic structure often reflects continental geological processes.

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Recent evolutionary history of New Zealand's North and South Island Kokako (Callaeas cinerea) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

Cited by 11 publications

References 40 publications

Population structure and biogeography of Hemiphaga pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) on islands in the New Zealand region

Population structure and biogeography of Hemiphaga pigeons (Aves: Columbidae) on islands in the New Zealand region

Population structure within an alpine archipelago: strong signature of past climate change in the New Zealand rock wren (Xenicus gilviventris)

New Zealand phylogeography: evolution on a small continent

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