Recent Epidemiology Study Data of Myopia

Xiang, Zhen; Zou, Haidong

doi:10.1155/2020/4395278

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 88 publications

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“…Increasing outdoor activities helped prevent myopia occurrence and progression, as well as axial eye growth in children ( 70 ). Increased outdoor activities are proven to be protective factors for myopia, as near-distance work and higher education levels affect the opposite ( 71 ).…”

Section: Visual Protection Measures During Online Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fan

Wang

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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This study aimed to review the consequences of increased online learning, which was precipitated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), on visual function, as well as the methods for preventing the associated visual impairment. The recent finding implies that a higher incidence of myopia may be observed during the pandemic than that before. The myopia prevalence was 59.35% in COVID-19, which was higher than that in the normal period. COVID-19-related influence of developing myopia among students should be addressed and under control. Online learning precipitated by COVID-19 is likely to increase the global burden of visual function impairment. This review highlighted useful measures to prevent online learning-related visual function impairments, including the following: (1) desktop illumination of no >300 lx, online learning time for primary, and middle-school students of no more than 20–30 min per session; (2) daily video time for preschool children not exceeding 1 h, and for school-age children and adolescents not exceeding 2 h; (3) after every 30–40 min of online learning, moving eyes away from the screen or closed for 10 min; (4) engaging in outdoor activities for ≥ 2 h a day; (5) suitable screen and learning environment settings and correct postures for reading and writing; (6) sufficient sleep and proper nutrition. Preventing online learning-related visual impairment during and after this unprecedented pandemic will facilitate future ophthalmic practice.

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Section: Visual Protection Measures During Online Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Fan

Wang

Kong

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…There are predictions of a worsening of the myopic epidemic worldwide and is estimated that over 50% of the world's population will have myopia by 2050. 34,35 Recently, a prospective study designed to investigate the refractive changes and prevalence of myopia in school-aged children during the COVID-19 home confinement in 123,535 children aged 6 to 13 years, has reported a significant myopic shift for children aged 6 to 8 years of approximately −0.3 diopters in China. 30 These results are consistent with the data of another large-scale intervention study with 12-month follow-up on myopia development among 1,001,749 schoolchildren of 1305 elementary and high schools.…”

Section: What Is Newmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 outbreak and increased risk of amblyopia and epidemic myopia: Insights from EUROCOVCAT group

Toro

Brémond‐Gignac

Brézin

et al. 2021

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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The most common cause of vision impairment in children is amblyopia. It is defined as impaired visual acuity in one or both eyes that is present with no demonstrable abnormality of the visual pathway and is not immediately resolved by wearing glasses. After the World Health Organization (WHO) recognized COVID-19 as a global pandemic on March 11, 2020, widespread changes and restrictions to social and sanitary practices have presented significant issues in access to eye care during the COVID-19 pandemic. A reduction of more than 80% in pediatric eye care volume up to its total cessation has been observed in different departments. In this scenario, reduced or absent eyesight, due to delay in timely treatment of amblyopic conditions, could create major, long-lasting effects on all aspects of life, including daily personal activities, interacting with the community, school and work opportunities and the ability to access public services. Processes coming out of lockdown should be gradually easing restrictions giving priority to ophthalmology and eye care facilities so that amblyopia does not remain unattended and irreversible as in adults due to lack of timely treatments. If not reversible, this process could lead to a dramatic increase in disability and unsustainable social costs for many governments.

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“…Myopia is a serious global health issue, causing complications such as myopic macular degeneration, retinal detachment and open‐angle glaucoma, which can lead to irreversible visual impairment later in life. 1 , 2 Myopia prevalence continues to rise, predisposing affected individuals to a variety of ocular diseases, 1 , 3 affecting study performance 4 and activities of daily living. 5 Therefore, preventing and controlling myopia during its early onset is important to reduce sight‐threatening complications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis

Watcharapalakorn

Poyomtip

Tawonkasiwattanakun

2022

Ophthalmic Physiologic Optic

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Purpose Although studies have suggested that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) outbreak increased myopia progression, they had different settings and analysis methods. This study compared myopia progression before and during the COVID‐19 outbreak using meta‐analysis. Methods Relevant literature was searched on EMBASE, PubMed, ClinEpiDB and Web of Science and reviewed until 8 October 2021. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of the original studies. The mean difference of change in spherical equivalent refraction (SER) was used for evaluation before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Results The meta‐analysis included eight studies with 773, 797 individuals aged 5–18 years. Pooled analysis indicated that the mean difference of annual myopia progression during the pandemic was 0.41 D higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35–0.48, p < 0.01) than before the pandemic. Subgroup analysis using cycloplegic (mean difference, 0.30 D; 95% CI, 0.22–0.38; p < 0.01) or noncycloplegic refraction (mean difference, 0.60 D; 95% CI, 0.27–0.93; p < 0.01) indicated that the mean difference of annual myopia progression during COVID‐19 significantly increased in both refractive measurements. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that the COVID‐19 pandemic accelerated myopic progression compared to the past. Government policies are urgently required to prevent and control myopia progression.

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Recent Epidemiology Study Data of Myopia

Cited by 46 publications

References 88 publications

Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Online Learning-Related Visual Function Impairment During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic

COVID-19 outbreak and increased risk of amblyopia and epidemic myopia: Insights from EUROCOVCAT group

Coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak and associated public health measures increase the progression of myopia among children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis

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