Recent Developments of Melatonin Related Antioxidant Compounds

Abstract

Melatonin is known for its radical scavenger activity, which is related to its ability to protect cells from different kinds of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the development of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, epileptic seizures, stroke, and as a contributor to aging and some cancer types. The antioxidant properties of melatonin include scavenging free radicals and the regulation of the activity and expression of antioxidant and pro-oxidant enzymes. Due to its free radical scavenger and antioxidant properties, multiple melatonin-related compounds such as melatonin metabolites and synthetic analogues are under investigation to determine which exhibit the highest activity with the lowest side effects. This review addresses recent studies with melatonin and related compounds.

Melatonin analogue new indole hydrazide/hydrazone derivatives with antioxidant behavior: Synthesis and structure–activity relationships

“…Although by replacement of the methoxy group, the antioxidant capacity of the molecule may be enhanced [18] interestingly there was no significant difference was observed between compounds bearing Br or H in the 5-position of the indole ring. This result is very similar to our earlier findings 14 and the data in literature [2,3]. Also Poeggeler et al [36,37] showed that the MLT derivatives bearing Cl in the 5-position performed similar activity to MLT.…”

“…Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have gained a lot of importance because of their active role in many diseases [1,2]. The damage to animal or plant cells and tissues caused by ROS is called oxidative stress.…”

Synthesis and evaluation of antioxidant activity of new quinoline-2-carbaldehyde hydrazone derivatives: bioisosteric melatonin analogues

“…The balance between free radicals and the antioxidant system of the body has a vital importance in maintaining the health status of organism [1][2][3] . Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species are well known as both harmful and beneficial species.…”

Substituted derivatives of indole acetic acid as aldose reductase inhibitors with antioxidant activity: structure-activity relationship

“…Lidorestat ( Figure 2) and its substitution congeners, derivatives of 1-indole acetic acid (Van Zandt et al 2005, 2006, belong among the most efficient inhibitors of ALR2 with IC 50 values in the nmol/l region and with very good ALR2/ALR1 selectivity values. We used the available structure of lidorestat-ALR2 complex (pdb structure 1z3n) for comparative molecular modeling studies of 1-vs. 3-indole acetic acids.…”

“…Other authors recorded the ALR2 inhibition activity of acidic derivatives of structurally related indoles (Da Settimo et al 2003;Nicolaou and Demopoulos 2003;Sun et al 2003;Suzen and Buyukbingol 2003;Suzen et al 2007). The antioxidant activity of indole-based compounds has recently been thoroughly reviewed (Suzen 2006(Suzen , 2007Stolc et al 2006;Suzen et al 2006;Reiter et al 2008;Augustyniak et al 2010;Juranek et al 2010;Shirinzadeh et al 2010).…”