Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

Chen, Bochao; Liang, Ming; Wu, Qingzhao; Zhu, Shuang; Zhao, Naiqin; He, Chunnian

doi:10.1007/s12209-021-00304-9

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 159 publications

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“…Among the alloying-reaction-based anode materials for Na-ion batteries, antimony (Sb) is a potential candidate, because of its high theoretical capacity (viz., 660 mAh/g) and a Na-storage potential that eliminates the risk of sodium plating during sodiation and the associated safety issues. − However, it does suffer from pulverization/disintegration and detachment from current collector, because of the huge volume changes during sodiation/desodiation and the concomitant stress development, thereby often causing rapid fade in Na-storage capacity during electrochemical cycling of Sb-based electrodes. ,, As mentioned above, one of the ways to overcome this drawback is by forming composites with carbonaceous materials (especially with graphene-based materials), which may help improve the mechanical integrity; but provided the anchoring and distribution between the Sb particles and the carbonaceous materials are properly engineered. ,, …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faceted Antimony Particles with Interiors Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide as High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Amardeep

Shende

Gandharapu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The attainment of "true reinforcement" in a composite and harnessing of the associated beneficial effects have been demonstrated here through the development of faceted crystalline Sb particles having the interiors reinforced with reduced graphene oxide (rGO). Such a unique and "near-ideal" micro/nanocomposite architecture has been achieved via a facile/cost-effective route by facilitating heterogeneous nucleation/growth of Sb-oxide particles on/ around dispersed rGO sheets upon incorporation of the same directly into the precursor suspension, followed by the reduction of Sb-oxide to Sb, in intimate contact with the rGO, during the subsequent single heat-treatment step. As a potential anode material for Na-ion batteries, the as-developed Sb/rGO composite exhibits a reversible Na-storage capacity of ∼550 mAh/g (@ 0.2 A/g) and a fairly high first cycle Coulombic efficiency (CE) of ∼79%, with the good reversibility being attributed to the coarse particle size of Sb and encompassing of rGO sheets inside the Sb particles. Furthermore, despite the coarse particle size, the Sb/rGO-based electrode exhibits outstanding cyclic stability, with negligible capacity fade up to 150 cycles (viz., ∼97% capacity retention), and rate capability, with >86% capacity being obtained upon raising the current density from 0.1 to 2 A/g, resulting in a capacity of ∼490 mAh/g, even at 2 A/g.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faceted Antimony Particles with Interiors Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide as High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Amardeep

Shende

Gandharapu

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…There has been significant effort to use Sb as an anode for sodium and potassium ion batteries. Though it is fundamentally interesting to study these systems, the very high-volume changes associated with these systems (390% for Na, 407% for K) make it difficult to stabilize the electrodes and must be addressed accordingly [15]. (Sb, Li2Sb and Li3Sb) are reported in a Li and Sb alloy [11,12].…”

Section: Sb → LI 2 Sbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimony (Sb)-Based Anodes for Lithium–Ion Batteries: Recent Advances

et al. 2022

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To mitigate the use of fossil fuels and maintain a clean and sustainable environment, electrochemical energy storage systems are receiving great deal of attention, especially rechargeable batteries. This is also associated with the growing demand for electric vehicles, which urged the automotive industries to explore the capacities of new materials for use in lithium–ion batteries (LIBs). Graphite is still employed as an anode in large majority of currently available commercial LIBs preserving their better cyclic stability despite enormous research efforts to identify viable alternatives with improved power and energy density. From this point of view, antimony acts as a promising material because it has good theoretical capacity, high volumetric capacity, good reactivity with lithium and good electronic conductivities. Recently, there have been many works that focused on the development of antimony as an alternative anode. This review tries to give a bird’s eye view comprising the experimental and theoretical insights on the developments in the direction of using antimony and antimony composites as anodes for rechargeable Li.

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“…During the charge-discharge process, the voltage could reach a rapid equilibrium after each current pulse. (ΔE s /ΔE t ) 2 was used to measure the variation in the diffusion coefficient, as shown in Fig. 4b.…”

Section: Properties Of Br-gicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the increasing demand for renewable energy, such as solar and wind power, energy storage technologies have received intensified attention to realize their smooth output [1,2]. Among numerous energy storage technologies, flow batteries (FBs) are considered a promising candidate because of their intrinsic features of high safety, long cycle life, and flexible design [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromine–Graphite Intercalation Enabled Two-Electron Transfer for a Bromine-Based Flow Battery

Xie

2022

Trans. Tianjin Univ.

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Br2/Br− is a promising redox couple in flow batteries because of its high potential, solubility, and low cost. However, the reaction between Br− and Br2 only involves a single-electron transfer process, which limits its energy density. Herein, a novel two-electron transfer reaction based on Br−/Br+ was studied and realized through Br+ intercalation into graphite to form a bromine–graphite intercalation compound (Br–GIC). Compared with the pristine Br−/Br2 redox pair, the redox potential of Br intercalation/deintercalation in graphite is 0.5 V higher, which has the potential to substantially increase the energy density. Different from Br2/Br− in the electrolyte, the diffusion rate of Br intercalation in graphite decreases with increasing charge state because of the decreasing intercalation sites in graphite, and the integrity of the graphite structure is important for the intercalation reaction. As a result, the battery can continuously run for more than 300 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency exceeding 97% and an energy efficiency of approximately 80% at 30 mA/cm2, and the energy density increases by 65% compared with Br−/Br2. Combined with double-electron transfer and a highly reversible electrochemical process, the Br intercalation redox couple demonstrates very promising prospects for stationary energy storage.

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Recent Developments of Antimony-Based Anodes for Sodium- and Potassium-Ion Batteries

Cited by 18 publications

References 159 publications

Faceted Antimony Particles with Interiors Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide as High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Faceted Antimony Particles with Interiors Reinforced with Reduced Graphene Oxide as High-Performance Anode Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

Antimony (Sb)-Based Anodes for Lithium–Ion Batteries: Recent Advances

Bromine–Graphite Intercalation Enabled Two-Electron Transfer for a Bromine-Based Flow Battery

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