Recent Developments in the Study of the Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Stephens, Edgar R.; Scott, William E.; Hanst, P. L.; Doerr, Robert C

doi:10.1080/00966665.1956.10467748

Cited by 91 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…Another possible source of ozone, photolysis of Compound X, which may be product of Reactions 16 or 17 as recently reported by Stephens (33,34) appears insufficient. of hydrocarbons has been observed in smoggy air, this explanation is stoichiometrically inadequate.…”

Section: Kinetic Balance Of Inorganic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Kinetic Studies of Formation of Atmospheric Oxidants

Saltzman¹

1958

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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Section: Kinetic Balance Of Inorganic Reactionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Kinetic Studies of Formation of Atmospheric Oxidants

Saltzman¹

1958

Ind. Eng. Chem.

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“…A second sample yielded a mass spectrum that, while not definitive, suggested that the carbonyl group was an acetyl and that compound X contained oxidized nitro gen. No parent peak was identifiable. We suggested five of the following structures but omitted the one that ultimately proved to be correct [Stephens et al, 19566]:…”

Section: Discovery Of Panmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smog studies of the 1950s

Stephens¹

1987

EoS Transactions

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Infrared spectroscopy with path lengths in air in excess of 100 meters was first applied to the study of air pollution at the Franklin Institute Laboratories in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1955. This paper is a personal account of the studies of the photochemistry of polluted air by this research group during the 1950s. In our first study, we verified the strange aspects of photochemical ozone formation as reported by A.J. Haagen‐Smit. At the same time a new set of infrared bands appeared. It took several years to determine that these belonged to a previously unknown family of compounds called the peroxyacyl nitrates (PANs). They are toxic to plants, irritating to the eye, and (in liquid form) very explosive. We constructed a second infrared instrument in a laboratory trailer and took it to southern California in 1956. With this instrument, we verified laboratory findings on ozone and PAN chemistry in real polluted air, and it became evident that automobile exhaust was the dominant cause of photochemical smog. We then moved this infrared instrument to the University of California, Riverside, campus where an interdisciplinary study with plant scientists finally established PANs as the cause of “oxidant plant damage.”

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“…The PAN family of compounds was discovered in laboratory simulations of the chemical reactions in air polluted by auto exhaust (3)(4)(5). In 1957, PAN was shown to be present in the Los Angeles atmosphere (6).…”

Section: Acknowledgmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemical synthesis of peroxyacyl nitrates in gas phase via chlorine-aldehyde reaction

Gay¹,

Noonan²,

Bufalini³

et al. 1976

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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The data base provided by the collection and analysis of California's aerosols lends itself to research efforts in numerous areas. Future work will concentrate on: Element-element correlations, which lead to characterization of sources Aerosol-to-gas pollutant correlations, which lead to information on gas pollutant sources Aerosol-to-visibility correlations, which lead to information on sources of visibility degradation By means of the «-scattering technique, analysis of very light elements (H-»F) leads to subsequent presentation of total, and size-segreated mass values in the 0.1 -20-µ size domain.As of July 1, 1975, the two-year research phase of the program ended, and the system was incorporated into the Air Resources Board monitoring effort at the level of 10,000 station-days of sampling per year.It is our opinion that the aerosol data generated by this program gain their greatest utility in their combination with data presently collected on gas pollutants, weather, and visibility at the same sites by existing ARB programs. AcknowledgmentSpecial appreciation is extended to the efforts of the late Dale Hutchison, who encouraged this program in its early stages. The support of the National Science Foundation was instrumental in developing the analytical system to a standard necessary to support such an effort. Donation of beam handling equipment to this effort by the U.S. Navy is also gratefully acknowledged. The enthusiastic cooperation of the staff of the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory was essential to the performance of this work.Literature Cited(1) Lundgren, D. A., "An Aerosol Sampler for Determination of Particle Concentration as a Function of Size and Time," J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc. 17 (4), (April 1967). (The Environmental Research Corp. Multiday Impactor is of the Lundgren type.) (

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Recent Developments in the Study of the Organic Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Kinetic Studies of Formation of Atmospheric Oxidants

Kinetic Studies of Formation of Atmospheric Oxidants

Smog studies of the 1950s

Photochemical synthesis of peroxyacyl nitrates in gas phase via chlorine-aldehyde reaction

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