Recent developments in the kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension

Abstract

The kinetics of ruptures of giant vesicles under constant tension have been investigated under various conditions, which will help in the application of these techniques in the biomedical, bioengineering, and biotechnological fields.

Effects of cholesterol on the anionic magnetite nanoparticle-induced deformation and poration of giant lipid vesicles

“…In several experimental observations, pore or rupture formation in GUVs have been investigated due to the stretching of the lipid bilayer. 27,69–71 At the initial state of poration, the pore radius is too small for the leakage of calcein, and hence a slight change in fluorescent intensity before rapid change at relatively larger sized pores is observed (Fig. 4(b and c) and ESI 4 (b and c)) †.…”

“…24,25 In addition, GUVs have been used to investigate the poration using mechanical and electrical tension. 26,27 In several studies, it has been found that cholesterol affects the membrane rigidity, such as bending and elastic modulus. [28][29][30][31] The lipid-specic bending rigidity under various cholesterol has been reported.…”

Identifying and Manipulating Giant Vesicles: Review of Recent Approaches

“…The membrane bending rigidity or membrane modulus of GV is one of the most important characteristic parameters that have been measured historically in many studies from the biophysical viewpoint of cell membranes. Many measurement studies have been conducted to observe vesicular membrane deformation caused by the suction of a glass capillary (micropipette) under a microscope [ 33 ]. The micropipette assay of GVs also enables the measurement of the viscosity of the vesicular membrane by oscillatory shear gradient [ 34 ].…”

Determination of pore edge tension from the kinetics of rupture of giant unilamellar vesicles using the Arrhenius equation: effects of sugar concentration, surface charge and cholesterol

“…The rate constant serves as a critical parameter characterizing the phenomenon of rupture in an ensemble of lipid vesicles when subjected to external electrical or mechanical tension. 25 The Arrhenius equation for the rate constant (k r ) plays a vital role in studying the kinetics of poration and rupturing of cells and vesicles. 26,27 If the rate constant of a two-state transition (from an intact state to a pore/rupture state) is determined for the corresponding total membrane tension, s + B, where s is the electrically or mechanically induced tension and B is the membrane tension resulting from the electrostatic effect due to anionic charged lipids in the membrane, 24 then one can obtain the relationship between k r and s + B graphically for several cases.…”