Recent Developments in the Interactions of Classic Intercalated Ruthenium Compounds: [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ with a DNA Molecule

Jia, Fuchao; Man, Yan; Kumar, Parveen; Liu, Bo

doi:10.3390/molecules24040769

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(171 reference statements)

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“…The nature of the polypyridyl ligand and the presence of a leaving group in the metal ion affect DNA binding affinity. Complexes 1 and 2 exhibit a moderate DNA affinity inferior to substitutionally inert polypyridyl complexes, which are uniquely DNA intercalators [ 5 , 37 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocytotoxic Activity of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Phenanthroline-Hydrazone Ligands

2021

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This paper reports on the synthesis and characterization of two new polypyridyl-hydrazone Schiff bases, (E)-N′-(6-oxo-1,10-phenanthrolin-5(6H)-ylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (L1) and (E)-N′-(6-oxo-1,10-phenanthrolin-5(6H)-ylidene)furan-2-carbohydrazide (L2), and their two Ru(II) complexes of the general formula [RuCl(DMSO)(phen)(Ln)](PF6). Considering that hydrazides are a structural part of severa l drugs and metal complexes containing phenanthroline derivatives are known to interact with DNA and to exhibit antitumor activity, more potent anticancer agents can be obtained by covalently linking the thiophene acid hydrazide or the furoic acid hydrazide to a 1,10-phenanthroline moiety. These ligands and the Ru(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, electronic, vibrational, 1H NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopies. Ru is bound to two different N-heterocyclic ligands. One chloride and one S-bonded DMSO in cis-configuration to each other complete the octahedral coordination sphere around the metal ion. The ligands are very effective in inhibiting cellular growth in a chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line, K562. Both complexes are able to interact with DNA and present moderate cytotoxic activity, but 5 min of UV-light exposure increases cytotoxicity by three times.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocytotoxic Activity of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Phenanthroline-Hydrazone Ligands

2021

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“…Transferrin receptors are overexpressed in rapidly reproducing cells, such as cancer cells, because they require more iron. This improves ruthenium‐based drugs′ ability to reach cancer cells [11] . Furthermore, the “activation by reduction” mechanism, [12] would explain why some ruthenium compounds are less dangerous than the others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This improves ruthenium-based drugs' ability to reach cancer cells. [11] Furthermore, the "activation by reduction" mechanism, [12] would explain why some ruthenium compounds are less dangerous than the others. Two anticancer therapeutics based on ruthenium, NAMIÀ A,i [13] and KP1019,i [14,15] have completed phase I clinical studies and are ready to start phase 2 trials (Figure 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium Complexes as Potential Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors for Targeted Chemotherapy

Katheria

2022

ChemistrySelect

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The effective clinical use of the three generation platinum anticancer drugs, cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin, has sparked interest in metallodrugs; however, drug resistance and side effects have hampered their continued use and effects. Ruthenium(III) complexes have been successfully used in clinical research, and their anticancer mechanisms have been extensively reported during the last few decades. Ruthenium(II) complexes have also received a lot of attention as anticancer alternatives, but only a few of them have been thoroughly investigated. The development of ruthenium compounds as target‐specific chemotherapeutic drugs has received a lot of attention in recent years. Indeed, a few reviews summarising the research on cancer targeting ruthenium complexes have been published previously. We looked at studies on the target specific mechanism of action of ruthenium complexes for numerous organelles endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, mitochondria,), DNA, intracellular proteins, and certain enzymes (carbonic anhydrase, TopoisomeraseI), all of which are upregulated in cancer cells and provide a specific mechanism for cancer cell death. This review will provide readers with a general overview of the different ruthenium complexes available for targeted chemotherapy, as well as information to aid in the design and creation of new anticancer ruthenium complexes research.

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“…Many anticancer drugs in clinical use possess a structure suitable for reversible interaction with DNA, as well as many chromophores, such as merocyanines, have been shown to possess intercalative properties and can thus be exploited in designing multi-functional cancer drugs . While many platinum complexes have been already proposed and computationally explored for DNA distortion by intercalation, − only few octahedral ruthenium complexes have been suggested for this purpose, ,− most probably because of their steric hindrance that do not facilitate the entrance of one of the coordinated ligands between base pairs to distort the DNA structure. In recent years, a merocyanine-based chromophore, the 5-chloro-7-(2-(1,3,3-trimethyl-3 H -indol-1-ium-2-yl)vinyl)quinolin-8-olate, has been included in the scaffold of Ru(II) polypyridyl complexes for an efficient •OH-mediated DNA photocleavage upon red-light irradiation of low intensity .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Assessment of a Dual-Action Ru(II)-Based Complex: Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy and Intercalating Agent for Inducing DNA Damage

et al. 2023

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A combined quantum-mechanical and classical molecular dynamics study of a recent Ru(II) complex with potential dual anticancer action is reported here. The main basis for the multiple action relies on the merocyanine ligand, whose electronic structure allows the drug to be able to absorb within the therapeutic window and in turn efficiently generate 1 O 2 for photodynamic therapy application and to intercalate within two nucleobases couples establishing reversible electrostatic interactions with DNA. TDDFT outcomes, which include the absorption spectrum, triplet states energy, and spin−orbit matrix elements, evidence that the photosensitizing activity is ensured by an MLCT state at around 660 nm, involving the merocyanine-based ligand, and by an efficient ISC from such state to triplet states with different characters. On the other hand, the MD exploration of all the possible intercalation sites within the dodecamer B-DNA evidences the ability of the complex to establish several electrostatic interactions with the nucleobases, thus potentially inducing DNA damage, though the simulation of the absorption spectra for models extracted by each MD trajectory shows that the photosensitizing properties of the complex remain unaltered. The computational results support that the anti-tumor effect may be related to multiple mechanisms of action.

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Recent Developments in the Interactions of Classic Intercalated Ruthenium Compounds: [Ru(bpy)2dppz]2+ and [Ru(phen)2dppz]2+ with a DNA Molecule

Cited by 16 publications

References 124 publications

Photocytotoxic Activity of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Phenanthroline-Hydrazone Ligands

Photocytotoxic Activity of Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Phenanthroline-Hydrazone Ligands

Ruthenium Complexes as Potential Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitors for Targeted Chemotherapy

Computational Assessment of a Dual-Action Ru(II)-Based Complex: Photosensitizer in Photodynamic Therapy and Intercalating Agent for Inducing DNA Damage

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