Recent Developments in the Analysis of Perchlorate Using Ion Chromatography

Jackson, Paul; Gokhale, S.; Rohrer, Jeff

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4303-9_5

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Unless stated otherwise, perchlorate concentrations were determined with an ion chromatograph (DX500; Dionex, Sunnyvale, Calif.) equipped with an AS11 column and guard column, a self-regenerating suppressor, and an autosampler (14). Lactate, acetate, chlorate, and chloride anions were measured using the ion chromatograph and 10 mM NaOH eluent, and 100 mM NaOH eluent was used in connection with perchlorate ion measurement.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Perchlorate- and Chlorate-Respiring Bacteria

Logan

Zhang

Mulvaney

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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Ten chlorate-respiring bacteria were isolated from wastewater and a perchlorate-degrading bioreactor. Eight of the isolates were able to degrade perchlorate, and all isolates used oxygen and chlorate as terminal electron acceptors. The growth kinetics of two perchlorate-degrading isolates, designated "Dechlorosoma" sp. strains KJ and PDX, were examined with acetate as the electron donor in batch tests. The maximum observed aerobic growth rates of KJ and PDX (0.27 and 0.28 h ؊1 , respectively) were only slightly higher than the anoxic growth rates obtained by these isolates during growth with chlorate (0.26 and 0.21 h ؊1 , respectively).

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of Perchlorate- and Chlorate-Respiring Bacteria

Logan

Zhang

Mulvaney

et al. 2001

Appl Environ Microbiol

135

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“…A new ion chromatography procedure reduced the minimum detection level to 2.5–4.0 p.p.b. (depending on the water) and led to the discovery of perchlorate in a large number of ground and surface water supplies (Jackson et al ., 2000; Logan, 2001). Recent epidemiological studies have recommended a lower perchlorate maximum contaminant level that, if adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) using standard safety factors, could result in a drinking water standard of 1 p.p.b.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate reduction by a novel chemolithoautotrophic, hydrogen‐oxidizing bacterium

Zhang

Bruns

Logan

2002

Environmental Microbiology

104

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Water treatment technologies are needed that can remove perchlorate from drinking water without introducing organic chemicals that stimulate bacterial growth in water distribution systems. Hydrogen is an ideal energy source for bacterial degradation of perchlorate as it leaves no organic residue and is sparingly soluble. We describe here the isolation of a perchlorate-respiring, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium (Dechloromonas sp. strain HZ) that grows with carbon dioxide as sole carbon source. Strain HZ is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped facultative anaerobe that was isolated from a gas-phase anaerobic packed-bed biofilm reactor treating perchlorate-contaminated groundwater. The ability of strain HZ to grow autotrophically with carbon dioxide as the sole carbon source was confirmed by demonstrating that biomass carbon (100.9%) was derived from CO2. Chemolithotrophic growth with hydrogen was coupled with complete reduction of perchlorate (10 mM) to chloride with a maximum doubling time of 8.9 h. Strain HZ also grew using acetate as the electron donor and chlorate, nitrate, or oxygen (but not sulphate) as an electron acceptor. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequence placed strain HZ in the genus Dechloromonas within the beta subgroup of the Proteobacteria. The study of this and other novel perchlorate-reducing bacteria may lead to new, safe technologies for removing perchlorate and other chemical pollutants from drinking water.

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“…Quantitation of perchlorate by ion chromatography (IC) is likely to dominate the analysis of both drinking water (Jackson et al, 1999(Jackson et al, , 2000 and fertilizers (Susarla et al, 1999(Susarla et al, , 2000. For potable water, other techniques are available for determining perchlorate, such as electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) Clewell et al, 2000;Magnuson et al, 2000a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche

Urbansky

Brown

Magnuson

et al. 2001

Environmental Pollution

169

121

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Paleogeochemical deposits in northern Chile are a rich source of naturally occurring sodium nitrate (Chile saltpeter). These ores are mined to isolate NaNO3 (16-0-0) for use as fertilizer. Coincidentally, these very same deposits are a natural source of perchlorate anion (ClO4-). At sufficiently high concentrations, perchlorate interferes with iodide uptake in the thyroid gland and has been used medicinally for this purpose. In 1997, perchlorate contamination was discovered in a number of US water supplies, including Lake Mead and the Colorado River. Subsequently, the Environmental Protection Agency added this species to the Contaminant Candidate List for drinking water and will begin assessing occurrence via the Unregulated Contaminants Monitoring Rule in 2001. Effective risk assessment requires characterizing possible sources, including fertilizer. Samples were analyzed by ion chromatography and confirmed by complexation electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Within a lot, distribution of perchlorate is nearly homogeneous, presumably due to the manufacturing process. Two different lots we analyzed differed by 15%, containing an average of either 1.5 or 1.8 mg g-1. Inadequate sample size can lead to incorrect estimations; 100-g samples gave sufficiently consistent and reproducible results. At present, information on natural attenuation, plant uptake, use/application, and dilution is too limited to evaluate the significance of these findings, and further research is needed in these areas.

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Recent Developments in the Analysis of Perchlorate Using Ion Chromatography

Cited by 4 publications

References 1 publication

Kinetics of Perchlorate- and Chlorate-Respiring Bacteria

Kinetics of Perchlorate- and Chlorate-Respiring Bacteria

Perchlorate reduction by a novel chemolithoautotrophic, hydrogen‐oxidizing bacterium

Perchlorate levels in samples of sodium nitrate fertilizer derived from Chilean caliche

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