Recent Developments in Steelmaking Industry and Potential Alkali Activated Based Steel Waste: A Comprehensive Review

Aziz, Ikmal Hakem; Abdullah, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri; Salleh, Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd; Yun-Ming, Liew; Li, Long-yuan; Sandu, Andrei Victor; Vizureanu, Petrică; Nemeș, Ovidiu; Mahdi, Shaik Numan

doi:10.3390/ma15051948

Cited by 18 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…In the field of construction materials science, optimization of concrete properties has always been an important issue [1,2]. With the increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability, the utilization of industrial by-products to improve concrete properties is not only a way to enhance resource recycling but also an important direction for the innovation of traditional construction materials [3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Steel Slag Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete

Li,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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The present paper probes into the influence of the steel slag particle size on the mechanical properties and microstructure of concrete, with steel slag serving as the primary raw material. Steel slag with different particle sizes was selected as the partial substitute material for concrete by mechanical grinding. The influence of steel slag on the compressive strength, bending strength, and microstructure of concrete was determined by laser particle size analyzer, specific surface area analyzer, strength experiment, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that mechanical grinding has significant effects on the particle size distribution and specific surface area of the steel slag. The optimal grinding time is 20 min and the specific surface area is 0.65 m2/g. D10, D50 and D90 are 0.91 μm, 16.57 μm and 46.40 μm, respectively. The steel slag with a fine particle size can better fill the pores in concrete and improve the compactness, thus enhancing the mechanical properties of concrete. The change in the steel slag particle size does not change the type of hydration products, but the smaller the particle size of steel slag, the better the gelling activity, the larger the hydration products, the denser the structure, and the better the mechanical properties. Therefore, the present study provides an important theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of steel slag as an additive in the concrete industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Steel Slag Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete

Li,

Lu,

Liu

et al. 2024

Sustainability

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“…Despite the growing cost of the storage of this raw material at landfills and slag fields, the multi-million-ton dumps from the ferrous metallurgy production activity (oily scale, gas-cleaning dust, sludge, slag) are continuously increasing [16][17][18]. Such hard-to-enrich and low-grade materials include electric arc furnace dust, which can be not only an ironcontaining raw material for iron and steel production but allows for extracting zinc into a commercial product since the dust contains zinc compounds in sufficient quantities [19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrometallurgical Technology for Extracting Iron and Zinc from Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Nemchinova

Patrushov²,

Tyutrin

2023

Applied Sciences

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This study is aimed at developing a technology for processing electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) into granulated cast iron and a zinc-containing product. The study object was the dust from the EAF of PJSC Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works (Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk region). It has been established that the dust contains valuable components in the form of ZnFe2O4 and ZnO. The processing of EAFD involves the reduction of Fe and Zn in a charge from their oxygen-containing forms with C and CO. The content of the charge components was calculated in % as follows: EAFD—17.44; scale—51.33; hard coal—20.61; quartz sand—4.71; lime—5.91. The experiments in the high-temperature LHT 08/17 furnace (Germany) allowed for defining the optimal temperature regime for reduction melting. As a result of laboratory tests, granulated pig iron samples were obtained, containing in wt%: Fe—95.27; C—4.4; S—0.07, and others. Captured zinc-containing product after calcination (to remove halogens) contained 90.21 wt% ZnO. The resulting granulated pig iron is recommended as one of the charge components in electrometallurgical steel production. The zinc-containing product is recommended as a raw material for Zn production and others.

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“…With the progress and development of the country, the demand for steel products in all walks of life continues to increase; simultaneously, the requirements for steel quality continue to rise [1]. The final rolling temperature is the temperature measured when the hot-rolled strip leaves the last finishing mill.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are currently three main approaches to the diagnosis of abnormalities in finishing rolling temperatures, namely diagnosis based on expert experience, diagnosis based on mathematical models, and diagnosis based on data-driven methods [5][6][7]. (1) Expert experience-based diagnostic method: In manufacturing environments, this method is commonly employed for analyzing the causes of faults in strip steel production. Technical personnel rely on their own experience to accurately pinpoint faults and analyze their root causes based on relevant key process parameters and on-site production conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Twin-Based Fault Diagnosis Platform for Final Rolling Temperature in Hot Strip Production

Desheng,

Jian,

Mingxin

et al. 2023

Materials

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The final rolling temperature in hot rolling is an important process parameter for hot-rolled strips and greatly influences their mechanical properties and rolling stability. The diagnosis of final rolling temperature anomalies in hot rolling has always been difficult in industry. A data-driven risk assessment method for detecting final rolling temperature anomalies is proposed. In view of the abnormal setting value for the strip head, a random forest model is established to screen the process parameters with high feature importance, and the isolation forest algorithm is used to evaluate the risk associated with the remaining parameters. In view of the abnormal process curve of the full length of the strip, the Hausdorff distance algorithm is used to eliminate samples with large deviations, and a risk assessment of the curve is carried out using the LCSS algorithm. Aiming to understand the complex coupling relationship between the influencing factors, a method for identifying the causes of anomalies, combining a knowledge graph and a Bayesian network, is established. According to the results of the strip head and the full-length risk assessment model, the occurrence of the corresponding nodes in the Bayesian network is determined, and the root cause of the abnormality is finally output. By combining mechanistic modeling and data modeling techniques, it becomes possible to rapidly, automatically, and accurately detect and analyze final rolling temperature anomalies during the rolling process. When applying the system in the field, when compared to manual analysis by onsite personnel, the accuracy of deducing the causes of anomalies was found to reach 92%.

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Recent Developments in Steelmaking Industry and Potential Alkali Activated Based Steel Waste: A Comprehensive Review

Cited by 18 publications

References 142 publications

Influence of the Steel Slag Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete

Influence of the Steel Slag Particle Size on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Concrete

Pyrometallurgical Technology for Extracting Iron and Zinc from Electric Arc Furnace Dust

Digital Twin-Based Fault Diagnosis Platform for Final Rolling Temperature in Hot Strip Production

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