Recent developments in steam turbine practice

Baumann, K.

doi:10.1049/jiee-1.1912.0035

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…the thermodynamic relaxation loss, which is due to irreversible heat transfer between the liquid and vapour during condensation under nonequilibrium steam conditions. 1 In recent decades, specific wet steam simulation models were implemented in different computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes. Two-dimensional nonviscous flow simulations of non-equilibrium steam flows were performed by Bakhtar and Tochai 5 and Young.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using computational fluid dynamics

Starzmann

Casey

Mayer

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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Two-phase computational fluid dynamics modelling is used to investigate the magnitude of different contributions to the wet steam losses in a three-stage model low pressure steam turbine. The thermodynamic losses (due to irreversible heat transfer across a finite temperature difference) and the kinematic relaxation losses (due to the frictional drag of the drops) are evaluated directly from the computational fluid dynamics simulation using a concept based on entropy production rates. The braking losses (due to the impact of large drops on the rotor) are investigated by a separate numerical prediction. The simulations show that in the present case, the dominant effect is the thermodynamic loss that accounts for over 90% of the wetness losses and that both the thermodynamic and the kinematic relaxation losses depend on the droplet diameter. The numerical results are brought into context with the well-known Baumann correlation, and a comparison with available measurement data in the literature is given. The ability of the numerical approach to predict the main wetness losses is confirmed, which permits the use of computational fluid dynamics for further studies on wetness loss correlations.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using computational fluid dynamics

Starzmann

Casey

Mayer

et al. 2013

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A:

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“…Steam turbine, gas turbine, and solar PV technology data has been obtained from the US Energy Information Administration's Annual Electric Generator dataset, which is available online (US Energy Information Administration, 2015). In the case of steam turbines, data was supplemented by known early developments in steam turbine design recorded in the literature (Baumann, 1912(Baumann, , 1921. Data for individual steam turbine and gas turbine technology had to be extracted from the source material, which consisted of a register of all power generation sources within the US power generation portfolio, active, decommissioned, and in planning.…”

Section: Technological Innovation: Theory and Practicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Focus was thus shifted on to directly enabling rotational motion through the use of pressurised steam. Many of the early turbine designs were based around broadly similar principles of operation (Baumann, 1912). The axial flow steam turbine invented by Charles A. Parsons in 1884 is largely considered to be the first design that influenced the commercially successful modern steam turbine (Hossli, 1969).…”

Section: Steam Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, there was access to enhanced knowledge on the theory of steam turbines due to much experimental work that was widely being published at the time (Stodola, 1905). An amalgamation of the specific advantages of different turbine types led to the optimisation of steam turbine technology in terms of reliability, efficiency, and cost during the early 20th century (Baumann, 1912).…”

Section: Steam Turbinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The importance of iteration and deployment in technology development: A study of the impact on wave and tidal stream energy research, development and innovation

2015

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This thesis has been submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for a postgraduate degree (e.g. PhD, MPhil, DClinPsychol) at the University of Edinburgh. Please note the following terms and conditions of use: This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights, which are retained by the thesis author, unless otherwise stated. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given. "Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has the courage to lose sight of the shore." Andre Gide. "If something is important enough, even if the odds are against you, you should still do it." Elon Musk. "I made 5,127 prototypes of my vacuum before I got it right. There were 5,126 failures. But I learned from each one. That's how I came up with a solution. So I don't mind failure." James Dyson. vii Declaration I declare that this thesis was composed by myself, that the work contained herein is my own except where explicitly stated otherwise in the text, and that this work has not been submitted for any other degree or professional qualification except as specified.

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“…As early as the early nineteenth century, the researchers and engineers have started to pay attention on this problem in order to find solutions [1]. In general, these solutions could be divided into two kinds, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical investigation and quantitative loss analysis of typical wet steam spontaneous condensation based on two-fluid model

et al. 2015

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Mass of one water molecule (g mol −1 ) γThe specific heat ratio R Gas constant (J mol −1 K −1 ) r * Critical radius (m) Kn Knudsen number T g Temperature of the ambient vapor (K) ξ Molecule fraction of condensation p d Hypothetical ambient pressure (Pa) r Drop radius (m) ρ g Gas phase conditions of density (kg m −3 ) ρ l Liquid phase conditions of density (kg m −3 ) u i i-Wise component of velocity (m s −1 ) p eff Effective pressure (Pa) g i i-Wise component of acceleration of gravity (m s −2 ) e Total energy per unit mass (J kg −1 ) λ eff Effective heat conductivity (W m −2 k −1 ) T g Temperature for gas phase (K) μ g Dynamic viscosity for gas phase (N s m −2 ) μ t Eddy viscosity for gas phase δ ij Kronecker symbol P rt Turbulent Prandtl number S m Source term for mass exchange (kg m −3 ) S u Source term for momentum exchange (kg m −2 s −1 ) S e Source term for energy exchange (J m −3 ) G Cunningham correction factor ρ m Local average density of mixed phase (kg m −3 ) u pi i-Wise component of droplet velocity (m s −1 ) Y Wetness fraction in mixture μ pEddy viscosity for liquid phase N Droplet concentration (kg −1 ) B(T g ) Second order virial coefficient Abstract A two-fluid model with the influence of interphase velocity-slip taken into account is proposed and a modified realizable k-ε turbulence model is put forward as well to make the equation set of two-fluid model closed. Based on this two-fluid model, numerical simulations are implemented on typical wet steam flow in different cases. Good consistency between numerical result and the experimental result implies that this two-fluid model is provided with high accuracy and wide applicability. The flow field analysis also shows that there exist several particular sites along the flow direction. These particular sites could illustrate the development mechanism of nucleation and droplet growing. In addition, further discussion about the flow in cascade then indicates that the presence of condensation has strong impact on the flow while the impact of interphase velocity-slip is relatively weaker. The composition of total pressure loss is present here, the majority of total pressure loss brought by condensation is about 8.78 % of inlet total pressure while the inter-phase velocity-slip just results in a small part of about 0.42 % of inlet total pressure, the rest of the total pressure loss is caused by pneumatic factors and this part is about 3.95 % of inlet total pressure. List of symbols INucleation rate (kg −1 s −1 ) θ Non-isothermal correction factor * Ke Cui Heat Mass Transfer 1 3 C(T g ) Third order virial coefficient k Turbulent kinetic energy (m 2 s −2 ) ε(ε ijk ) Turbulent dissipation rate (m 2 s −3 ) h fg

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Recent developments in steam turbine practice

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using computational fluid dynamics

Wetness loss prediction for a low pressure steam turbine using computational fluid dynamics

The importance of iteration and deployment in technology development: A study of the impact on wave and tidal stream energy research, development and innovation

Numerical investigation and quantitative loss analysis of typical wet steam spontaneous condensation based on two-fluid model

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