Recent developments in stainless steels

Lo, K.H.; Shek, C.H.; Lai, J.K.L.

doi:10.1016/j.mser.2009.03.001

Cited by 1,756 publications

(760 citation statements)

References 1,065 publications

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“…They have many industrial applications and represent a significant volume of the world production of metallic alloys. Among these steels are those with high content of nitrogen, which improves mechanical properties due to solid solution hardening [1,2]. Some advantages of high-nitrogen steels are: elevated yield stress; excellent combination of high resistance to the fracture and toughness; resistance to the formation of strain-induced martensite; low magnetic permeability, avoiding the formation of ferromagnetic phases; and good corrosion properties, improving pitting corrosion resistance [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between recrystallization and strain-induced precipitation in a high Nb- and N-bearing austenitic stainless steel: Influence of the interpass time

Silva

Gallego

Cabrera

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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In this work, we studied the influence of the interpass time (20 and 5 s) on the interaction between recrystallization and strain-induced precipitation occurring during multiple passes' deformations under continuous cooling conditions in a high niobium-and nitrogen-bearing austenitic stainless steel (ISO 5832-9). The correlation between microstructure evolution and hot mechanical properties was performed by physical simulation using hot torsion tests. The microstructure evolution was analyzed by optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD). This technique indicated that dynamic recrystallization occurred at the first passes promoting an excellent grain refinement. On the other hand, shorter interpass time (5 s) allowed higher volume fraction of smallest precipitates than larger interpass time (20 s). After soaking, only TiNbN precipitates were found, whereas, Z-phase (CrNbN) and NbN were formed during thermomechanical processing. Particles with sizes between 20 and 50 nm were effective to pin grain boundaries and dislocations.2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between recrystallization and strain-induced precipitation in a high Nb- and N-bearing austenitic stainless steel: Influence of the interpass time

Silva

Gallego

Cabrera

et al. 2015

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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“…A precipitação dos diversos tipos de carbetos pode ocorrer em diferentes temperaturas nos aços solubilizados expostos a temperaturas de serviço de 500-800 °C [1,5,7,12,13]. Quando nessas temperaturas há primeiramente a formação de carbetos Cr 23 C 6 .…”

Section: Gonçalves Et Alunclassified

“…Na condição de tratamento térmico alternativo, a junta soldada foi submetida à temperatura inicial de tratamento de estabilização superior a 900 °C, temperatura superior àquela relativa ao nariz da curva de precipitação do NbC e de formação de outros carbetos [1,5,7,12,13]. Uma vez que esses carbetos são estáveis a temperaturas mais Figura 10.…”

Section: Gonçalves Et Alunclassified

Efeito do Tratamento Térmico de Solubilização e Estabilização Convencional e Alternativo na Microestrutura de uma Junta Soldada com Aço Inox 347

et al. 2015

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Este é um artigo publicado em acesso aberto (Open Access) sob a licença Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial, que permite uso, distribuição e reprodução em qualq'uer meio, sem restrições desde que sem fins comerciais e que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.Recebido: 20 Ago., 2014 Aceito: 07 Abr., 2015 E-mails:lucho@uenf.br (LAHT), paranhos@ uenf.br (RPRP)Resumo: Este trabalho estuda a microestrutura formada na zona termicamente afetada (ZTA) e na zona fundida (ZF) de uma junta soldada pelo processo TIG automático no passe de raiz, processo plasma nos passes de enchimento e soldagem SAW para os passes de acabamento em junta de topo com chanfro "V" simples, usando o aço inoxidável austenítico AISI 347. Foram estudadas as condições: como soldada; após tratamento térmico convencional de solubilização a 1060 °C e estabilização a 900 °C; e após tratamento térmico alternativo, onde a peça foi solubilizada a 1060 °C e mantida no forno que foi resfriado até 900 °C para a estabilização. Os resultados mostram que, na condição como soldado houve crescimento de grão na ZTA e a ZF apresentou 13% de ferrita δ com diferentes morfologias, tendo sido observada a precipitação de carbetos de Cr e de Nb. Após o tratamento térmico convencional de solubilização e estabilização, foi observada uma diminuição significativa do teor de ferrita δ na ZTA e na ZF, tendo sido observados carbetos de Nb e Cr, distribuídos de forma mais dispersa e com tamanhos menores, que contribuem para minimizar a possibilidade de ocorrer o fenômeno da sensitização. Após tratamento térmico alternativo de solubilização e estabilização, a microestrutura da ZTA e ZF foi similar à obtida no tratamento convencional, sendo que o teor de ferrita δ na ZF foi ainda mais reduzido, de 4,5%. Foi concluído que o tratamento térmico alternativo de solubilização e estabilização foi tão eficaz quanto o tratamento térmico convencional para a adequação da microestrutura da junta soldada, com uma significativa vantagem do tratamento térmico proposto em reduzir o tempo e o custo desta operação. Palavras-chave:Aço inox 347; Soldagem; Tratamento térmico; Solubilização; Estabilização; Microestrutura. Effect of Conventional and Alternative Solubilization and Stabilization Heat Treatment on Microstructure of a 347 Stainless Steel Welded JointAbstract: This work studies the microstructure formed in the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the melted zone (MZ) of a joint welded by automatic TIG in the root bead, plasma in the filling and SAW in the finish beads in a single V groove joint, using austenitic stainless steel AISI 347. The following conditions were studied: as welded; after conventional heat treatment of solubilisation at 1060 °C and stabilization at 900 °C; and after alternative heat treatment, where the piece was solubilized at 1060 °C and kept in the oven which was cooled up to 900 °C for stabilization. The results show that, in the as welded condition, there was grain growth in the HAZ and the MZ shows 13% of δ ferrite with different morphologies, and the precip...

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“…The needs for high strength, corrosion resistance, workability and weldability make austenitic stainless steels an attractive alternative for several industry segments, extending their applications in everyday life such as household items to those found in aggressive media like in the extraction and processing of gas and oil, industries such as textile, chemical, shipbuilding, automotive, aerospace, buildings and orthopedic implants [1][2][3]. Specifically, in orthopedic implants, high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels have been applied because this element has a crucial role in stabilizing nonmagnetic austenite, increasing strength and preventing pitting corrosion.…”

Section: -Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermomechanical controlled processing to achieve very fine grains in the ISO 5832-9 austenitic stainless steel biomaterial

Silva

Cabrera

Balancin

et al. 2017

Materials Characterization

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Simulations of thermomechanical processing of a high niobium-and nitrogen-bearing austenitic stainless steel for orthopedic implants (ISO 5832-9) were conducted using hot torsion test with multiple deformations under continuous cooling conditions. Samples were reheated to 1250 o C and subjected to deformation schedules with pass strain of 0.3, strain rate of 1 s -1 and interpass times of 5, 20 and 50 seconds. Optical microscopy, TEM, EDS and EBSD were used to characterize the samples. Characterization of precipitates indicated that only TiNbN was undissolved after soaking, while Z-phase and NbN precipitated during on cooling deformation schedules. The evolution of grain and precipitate sizes with deformation conditions were studied and related to both grain refinement, and mechanical behavior observed. The critical grain size limited by precipitates was calculated using the values obtained for size and volume fraction of precipitates. Differences observed between calculated and measured values were discussed.Keywords: Thermomechanical controlled processing, Niobium, Strain-induced precipitation, Recrystallization, Grain Refinement, Stainless steel. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T2 Thermomechanical controlled processing to achieve very fine grains in the ISO 5832-9 Austenitic Stainless Steel Biomaterial AbstractSimulations of thermomechanical processing of a high niobium-and nitrogen-bearing

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Recent developments in stainless steels

Cited by 1,756 publications

References 1,065 publications

Interaction between recrystallization and strain-induced precipitation in a high Nb- and N-bearing austenitic stainless steel: Influence of the interpass time

Interaction between recrystallization and strain-induced precipitation in a high Nb- and N-bearing austenitic stainless steel: Influence of the interpass time

Efeito do Tratamento Térmico de Solubilização e Estabilização Convencional e Alternativo na Microestrutura de uma Junta Soldada com Aço Inox 347

Thermomechanical controlled processing to achieve very fine grains in the ISO 5832-9 austenitic stainless steel biomaterial

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