Recent Developments in HPLC Analysis of β-Blockers in Biological Samples

Saleem, Kishwar; Ali, Imran; Kulsum, Umma; Aboul‐Enein, Hassan Y.

doi:10.1093/chromsci/bmt030

Cited by 36 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…These methods include: spectrophotometry [5][6][7][8] , NMR spectroscopy 9 , fluorimetry 10 , potentiometry 11 , GC [12][13] , HPLC [14][15][16][17][18] and capillary electrophoresis [19][20][21] . Despite the precision and accuracy of chromatographic and capillary electrophoresis methods, these are time-consuming and expensive due to high analytical cost, limiting the operation of these instruments to highly qualified laboratory persons.…”

Section: Fig 1: Chemical Structures Of Drugs: a Atenolol B Esmololmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2017

IJPSR

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Atenolol and esmolol drugs belonging to a β-blocker group are frequently used for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. These drugs are also charged as water pollutants. A new simple and rapid spectrophotometric method has been developed for their determination in pharmaceutical formulations and in spiked water samples. The proposed method is based on the derivatization of the amino function present in these drugs to the corresponding yellow copper (I) drug dithiocarbamate derivative through reaction with carbon disulphide, pyridine and copper (I) perchlorate in aqueous acetonitrile. The analysis is accomplished for their determination in pharmaceutical formulations by measuring absorbance at 425 nm for atenolol and 420 nm for esmolol. For the determination of these drugs in spiked water samples, the coloured complex is extracted into chloroform and the absorbance of the chloroform extracts is measured at 415 nm and 410 nm for atenolol and esmolol respectively. Linear correlation is obtained in the range 1.00 -22.00 and 1.50 -25.00 µg mL -1 with detection limits of 0.10 and 0.15µg mL -1 for atenolol and esmolol respectively. The proposed methods show good recoveries of atenolol and esmolol from pharmaceutical formulations and spiked water samples and are in the ranges from 99.00 -100.40% and 98.20 -100.80% respectively. The 1:1 stoichiometry of the colour reaction between drug as dithiocarbamate derivative and copper (I) perchlorate has been established by photometric titrations. The latter also provides an alternative method for the determination of above drugs in pharmaceutical formulations.

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Section: Fig 1: Chemical Structures Of Drugs: a Atenolol B Esmololmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IJPSR

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“…In solid phase extraction, the selected beta-blockers are distributed between a solid phase and a liquid phase, having a greater affinity for the solid phase [34]. It involves the use of extraction cartridges and is a fast and selective technique used for processing biological samples.…”

Section: Solid Phase Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Biological Samples Containing Metoprolol and Bisoprolol for Applying Methods for Quantitative Analysis

Corina¹,

Hăncianu²,

Agoroaei³

et al. 2015

Acta Medica Marisiensis

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Arterial hypertension is a complex disease with many serious complications, representing a leading cause of mortality. Selective beta-blockers such as metoprolol and bisoprolol are frequently used in the management of hypertension. Numerous analytical methods have been developed for the determination of these substances in biological fluids, such as liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, high performance liquid chromatography. Due to the complex composition of biological fluids a biological sample pre-treatment before the use of the method for quantitative determination is required in order to remove proteins and potential interferences. The most commonly used methods for processing biological samples containing metoprolol and bisoprolol were identified through a thorough literature search using PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Willey Journals databases. Articles published between years 2005-2015 were reviewed. Protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase extraction are the main techniques for the extraction of these drugs from plasma, serum, whole blood and urine samples. In addition, numerous other techniques have been developed for the preparation of biological samples, such as dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, carrier-mediated liquid phase microextraction, hollow fiber-protected liquid phase microextraction, on-line molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction. The analysis of metoprolol and bisoprolol in human plasma, urine and other biological fluids provides important information in clinical and toxicological trials, thus requiring the application of appropriate extraction techniques for the detection of these antihypertensive substances at nanogram and picogram levels.

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“…Liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase micro-extraction and solid-phase extraction are commonly used for the preparation of biological samples. Most of these methods require various steps for the extraction of metoprolol from blood samples [11,12]. Aim of present study was to develop a sensitive, precise, accurate and simple HPLC-UV method for metoprolol determination in plasma and investigate its application for pharmacokinetic study in rabbits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization and validation of high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet method for quantitation of metoprolol in rabbit plasma: application to pharmacokinetic studies

Yaqoob¹,

Ahmad²,

Sarfraz³

et al. 2016

Trop. J. Pharm Res

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Purpose:To develop a sensitive, simple and validated high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analytical method for the determination of metoprolol tartrate in rabbit plasma. Methods: Mobile phase of methanol and 50 mM ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (50:50) at pH 3.05 was used for separation of metoprolol on BDS hypersil C18 column at a wavelength of 223 nm. Flow rate and retention time were 0.6 mL/min and 7.4 min, respectively. For pharmacokinetic study, rabbits were given an oral dose of 8 mg/kg of metoprolol in solution form. Blood samples were taken from jugular vein of the rabbits after drug administration and analysed by HPLC. Results: Separation of metoprolol was not interfered with other components in plasma. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 25 -1000 ng/mL (r 2 = 0.997). Lower limits of detection (LLOD) and quantitation (LLOQ) were 8.87 and 25 ng/mL, respectively. Relative standard deviation (RSD) of respectively. Relative error of accuracy was between 4.85 and 14.37 %. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), time to maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) and half-life (t½) after metoprolol oral administration in rabbits were 186.29 ng/mL, 0.50 h and 2.27 h, respectively. Conclusion: A simple, accurate and precise HPLC-UV method for metoprolol determination in rabbit plasma has been successfully developed and applied to a pharmacokinetic study.

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Recent Developments in HPLC Analysis of β-Blockers in Biological Samples

Cited by 36 publications

References 43 publications

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Preparation of Biological Samples Containing Metoprolol and Bisoprolol for Applying Methods for Quantitative Analysis

Optimization and validation of high performance liquid chromatography-ultra violet method for quantitation of metoprolol in rabbit plasma: application to pharmacokinetic studies

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