Recent developments in high precision quartz and Langasite pressure sensors for high temperature and high pressure applications

Sinha, Bikash K.; Patel, Misaal

doi:10.1109/fcs.2016.7563544

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Oil wells are getting deeper, thus transducers and circuitry have to withstand higher temperatures and pressures. It is estimated that away from tectonic plates the downhole temperature increases at 25 o C per kilometer and the hydrostatic pressure increases at 24.5 MPa per kilometer [1]. The transducing element should be able to withstand pressures greater than 20000 psi (137.89 MPa) at temperatures of 200 o C, while keeping the Q-factor over 10 6 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gallium orthophosphate or langasite can be used in higher temperature range, as found in deeper oil wells. It is estimated that away from tectonic plates the borehole pressure increases at 24.5 MPa per kilometer and the borehole temperature increases at 25 o C per kilometer [1]. Resonator-type transducer resolution is related to the inverse of the quality factor, Q-factor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common geometry is the disk-like, with both sides partially covered with electrodes. Typically constructed as a single-mode thickness-shear disk resonator, such transducer is used for downhole pressure and temperature measurement in oil and gas wells for the last 50 years [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercially, the AT-cut quartz crystal is the selected cut due to its lower thermal sensitivity, which allows for the production of stable high-resolution resonator-type pressure transducers. It is also a valuable tool to understand the evolution of high-resolution downhole pressure transducer, from Hewlett-Packard™to Quartzdyne™ [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling high-resolution down-hole pressure transducer to achieve semi-distributed measurement in oil an d gas production wells

Silva

Santos²

2019

JICS

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A full 3D computer model is developed to evaluate the performance impact of intrinsic loss and various geometrical features in high-resolution pressure transducer. The intrinsic loss is modeled as viscosity factors, which allows for a more efficient computer model. In this paper, the developed model is applied to yield an insight in the evolution of high-resolution down-hole pressure transducer, from Hewlett-Packard\texttrademark\, to Quartzdyne\texttrademark. As the quality factor is related to the inverse of the resolution, the transducing element optimization process to achieve the highest quality factor possible is investigated, considering the impact of crystal quality and geometrical features, such as: thickness, diameter and convexity (plano-convex and bi-convex). Temperature-dependent elastic constants are used to improve the model accuracy in modeling temperature effects on the vibrating resonator-type transducer. Boundary load conditions are used to simulate hydrostatic pressure. The simulations to extract the frequency shift are carried out in the range of $14\,psi$ ($96.5\,kPa$) to $20000\,psi$ ($137.89\,MPa$) and $0\,^oC$ to $200\,^oC$ for pressure and temperature, respectively, as such ranges are typically found in oil and gas wells. A discrepancy in the published temperature dependence has been found. A miniaturization path to achieve semi-distributed measurement in oil and gas production wells is presented.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Modeling high-resolution down-hole pressure transducer to achieve semi-distributed measurement in oil an d gas production wells

Silva

Santos²

2019

JICS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Combination of measured data with computer models is used to estimate oil flow as a function of well pressure and temperature profiles. Away from tectonic plate boundaries the borehole pressure is estimated to increase at 20-30 MPa per kilometer, and the borehole temperature is estimated to increase at 10-25 °C per kilometer Sinha and Patel (2016). In the oil and gas industry resolution in parts per million, ppm, is standard for pressure measurements, Assuming there is no drift and no operator or calibration errors, the main sources for measured data variation are instrinsic and environment noise, including wellbore pressure fluctuations Ennaifer and Kuchuk (2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-resolution pressure transducer design and associated circuitry to build a network-ready smart sensor for distributed measurement in oil and gas production wells

Santos

Silva

2022

J Petrol Explor Prod Technol

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Miniaturized single-mode thickness-shear pressure transducer combined with high-temperature SOI, silicon on insulator, integrated circuit technology is proposed as network-ready high-pressure high-resolution smart sensor for distributed data acquisition in oil and gas production wells. The transducer miniaturization is investigated with a full 3D computer model previously developed by the authors to assess the impact of intrinsic losses and various geometrical features on transducer performance. Over the last decades there has been a trend toward size reduction of high-resolution pressure transducer. The implemented model provides insight into the evolution of high-resolution pressure transducers from Hewlett-Packard™ to Quartzdyne™ and beyond. Distributed measurement in production oil wells in extreme harsh environment, such as found in the pre-salt layer, is an unsolved problem. The industry move toward electrified wells offers an opportunity for application of smart sensor technology and power line communications to achieve distributed high-resolution data acquisition.

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Systematic oil flow modeling in the Quasi-3D approximation yields additional terms that allows for variable cross-section area tubing

Santos

2021

Petroleum

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A systematic model development for oil flow in quasi-3D (1D + 2D) is presented. Our approach provides a unified modeling scheme. Besides, additional terms are obtained, which allows for tubing area variation along the flow direction. The area variation can be modeled as analytic function or random fluctuation, as it could be the result of deposits or tubing internal surface roughness. The proposed approach can be used to obtain analytic solutions which provide physical insight into the phenomena under scrutiny, including the validation of software tools, sensor development and sensor placement. One starts from conservation laws as given by kinetic theory and applies the transverse averaging technique (TAT) to extract the one-dimensional approximation in formal grounds. To demonstrate its application, the steady-state Ramey's model, the Hasan's transient model and a simple two-phase model are generated from the obtained equations.

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Recent developments in high precision quartz and Langasite pressure sensors for high temperature and high pressure applications

Cited by 14 publications

References 24 publications

Modeling high-resolution down-hole pressure transducer to achieve semi-distributed measurement in oil an d gas production wells

Modeling high-resolution down-hole pressure transducer to achieve semi-distributed measurement in oil an d gas production wells

High-resolution pressure transducer design and associated circuitry to build a network-ready smart sensor for distributed measurement in oil and gas production wells

Systematic oil flow modeling in the Quasi-3D approximation yields additional terms that allows for variable cross-section area tubing

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