Recent developments in fiber-based optical frequency comb and its applications

Xia, Wei; Chen, Xuzong

doi:10.1088/0957-0233/27/4/041001

Cited by 23 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…The latter fiber lasers, built with off-the-shelf all-fiber components, allowed for even more compact, energy efficient and robust systems. Subsequently these Er:fiber OFCs have seen the most commercial success and are the most commonly used OFCs system to date 15,[38][39][40][41][42] . Other notable fiber lasers include the high power 1 μm Yb:fiber 43 , which when combined with high power Ytterbium amplifiers are ideal candidates for high-harmonic generation in the XUV for direct comb spectroscopy 44 , as well as the realization of 2 μm Thulium doped fiber-OFCs 45 .…”

Section: What Is An Ofc and How Does It Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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Optical frequency combs were developed nearly two decades ago to support the world's most precise atomic clocks. Acting as precision optical synthesizers, frequency combs enable the precise transfer of phase and frequency information from a high-stability reference to hundreds of thousands of tones in the optical domain. This versatility, coupled with nearcontinuous spectroscopic coverage from microwave frequencies to the extreme ultraviolet , has enabled precision measurement capabilities in both fundamental and applied contexts. This review takes a tutorial approach to illustrate how 20 years of source development and technology has facilitated the journey of optical frequency combs from the lab into the field. T he optical frequency comb (OFC) was originally developed to count the cycles from optical atomic clocks. Atoms make ideal frequency references because they are identical, and hence reproducible, with discrete and well-defined energy levels that are dominated by strong internal forces that naturally isolate them from external perturbations. Consequently, in 1967 the international standard unit of time, the SI second was redefined as 9,192,631,770 oscillations between two hyper-fine states in 133 Cs 1. While 133 Cs microwave clocks provide an astounding 16 digits in frequency/time accuracy, clocks based on optical transitions in atoms are being explored as alternative references because higher transition frequencies permit greater than a 100 times improvement in time/frequency resolution (see "Timing, synchronization, and atomic clock networks"). Optical signals, however, pose a significant measurement challenge because light frequencies oscillate 100,000 times faster than state-of-the-art digital electronics. Prior to 2000, the simplest method to access an optical frequency was via knowledge of the speed of light and measurement of its wavelength, accessible with relatively poor precision of parts in 10 7 using an optical wavemeter. For precision measurements seeking resolutions better than that offered by wavelength standards, large-scale frequency chains were used to connect the microwave definition of the Hertz, provided by the 133 Cs primary frequency reference near 9.2 GHz, to the optical domain via a series of multiplied and phase-locked oscillators 2. The most complicated of these systems required up to 10 scientists, 20 different oscillators and 50 feedback loops to perform a single optical measurement 3. Because of the complexity, frequency multiplication chains yielded one to two precision optical frequency measurements per year. In 2000, the realization of the OFC allowed for the replacement of these complex frequency chains with a

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Section: What Is An Ofc and How Does It Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

2019

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“…NIR (0.8–2

m) region—MLL OFCs are commercially available in this range, the most widespread gain media being Ti:Sa and fibres doped with ytterbium [ 17 ], erbium [ 18 ], thulium or holmium [ 19 ]. Yet, new interesting developments, particularly around 1.5

m wavelength, are taking place to overcome some limitations that characterize the spectrum of frequency combs emitted by MLL systems.…”

Section: Infrared Frequency Combs For Molecular Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Infrared Comb Spectroscopy of Buffer-Gas-Cooled Molecules: Toward Absolute Frequency Metrology of Cold Acetylene

Amato

Sarno

Aiello

et al. 2020

IJMS

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We review the recent developments in precision ro-vibrational spectroscopy of buffer-gas-cooled neutral molecules, obtained using infrared frequency combs either as direct probe sources or as ultra-accurate optical rulers. In particular, we show how coherent broadband spectroscopy of complex molecules especially benefits from drastic simplification of the spectra brought about by cooling of internal temperatures. Moreover, cooling the translational motion allows longer light-molecule interaction times and hence reduced transit-time broadening effects, crucial for high-precision spectroscopy on simple molecules. In this respect, we report on the progress of absolute frequency metrology experiments with buffer-gas-cooled molecules, focusing on the advanced technologies that led to record measurements with acetylene. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects for further improving the ultimate accuracy of the spectroscopic frequency measurement.

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“…Optical frequency combs (OFCs) emit optical pulse trains with millions of well-defined, mutually coherent, perfectly spaced comb modes [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] . This unique feature enables coherent phase linking among the optical, microwave, and terahertz regimes [8][9][10] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-delay-line-referenced optical frequency combs: three stabilization schemes

et al. 2022

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We demonstrate the stabilization of an optical frequency comb (OFC) using a segment of fiber delay line as a reference. A mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser is phase locked to a kilometer-long fiber delay line using three different schemes. The short-term stability of the comb modes in the OFC stabilized by these schemes is obviously enhanced, down to the 10 −12 level at millisecond average time. Among these three schemes, phase locking two bunches of comb modes in the OFC to the same fiber delay line exhibits the lowest residual phase noise. Fiber-delay-line-referenced OFCs can provide reliable laser sources in precise metrology owing to the advances of low cost, compactness, and high integration.

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Recent developments in fiber-based optical frequency comb and its applications

Cited by 23 publications

References 153 publications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

20 years of developments in optical frequency comb technology and applications

Infrared Comb Spectroscopy of Buffer-Gas-Cooled Molecules: Toward Absolute Frequency Metrology of Cold Acetylene

Fiber-delay-line-referenced optical frequency combs: three stabilization schemes

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