Recent developments in electrocatalysts and future prospects for oxygen reduction reaction in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

Edge‐Rich Fe−N4 Active Sites in Defective Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Catalysis

“…[ 1 ] The technical bottleneck related to PEMFC always lies on the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics in acidic electrolyte, which traditionally requires platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts to accelerate it. [ 2 ] However, the scarcity and high cost for PGM, occupying about 50% of the total cost in PEMFC system according to United States Department of Energy estimation, seriously inhibit its large‐scale implementation. [ 3 ] In this context, the so‐called single atom catalyst, like metal−N−C material, with maximum metal utilization efficiency and reasonable price, has emerged as a promising alternative to display encouraging activity.…”

N-doped CoO nanowire arrays as efficient electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

“…It is critical to develop green technology for energy storage and conversion with the urgent need for the sustainable development of society [1,2] . Oxygen evolution reaction (OER), as a necessary procedure of various devices including water splitting and rechargeable metal-air batteries, has attracted considerable attention and been investigated for the past decades [3][4][5][6] .…”

Interface modulation of twinned PtFe nanoplates branched 3D architecture for oxygen reduction catalysis

“…Despite of the demonstrative commercialization of H-PEMFC cars lately, the selling price is still considerably higher than that of ICE cars with identical functionality, thus rendering their wide adoption unlikely to be realized in the near future [4][5][6]. Currently, a major contribution for the high cost of H-PEMFC cars derives from the high loading of precious metal platinum, which is applied as electrocatalyst to accelerate the kinetically sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at the cathode [7][8][9][10][11]. It is therefore urgently needed to reduce the Pt usage without sacrificing the ORR activity.…”