Recent Developments in Corrosion Control

Powell, Sheppard T.; Bacon, H. E.; Lill, J. R.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1946.tb20436.x

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(8 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Investigators discovered that the chemistry (primarily pH) of water dictated the amount of Pb in drinking water and that passivating layers formed on the interior of Pb pipe walls inhibited Pb release. These passivating films (or pipe scales) were identified to be Pb carbonate and Pb oxide minerals in equilibrium with the water (Glace, 1938(Glace, , 1939Langelier, 1936;Powell et al, 1946;Randall and Spencer, 1928). This revelation set forth a research mission on corrosion control strategies to inhibit Pb release into drinking water.…”

Section: Physical-chemical Interactions Between Phosphate Pb and Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Amending Soils With Phosphate As Means To Mitigate Soil Lead Hazard: A Critical Review Of The State Of The Science

Scheckel

Diamond

Burgess

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

128

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ingested soil and surface dust may be important contributors to elevated blood lead (Pb) levels in children exposed to Pb contaminated environments. Mitigation strategies have typically focused on excavation and removal of the contaminated soil. However, this is not always feasible for addressing widely disseminated contamination in populated areas often encountered in urban environments. The rationale for amending soils with phosphate is that phosphate will promote formation of highly insoluble Pb species (e.g., pyromorphite minerals) in soil, which will remain insoluble after ingestion and, therefore, inaccessible to absorption mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Amending soil with phosphate might potentially be used in combination with other methods that reduce contact with or migration of contaminated soils, such as covering the soil with a green cap such as sod, clean soil with mulch, raised garden beds, or gravel. These remediation strategies may be less expensive and far less disruptive than excavation and removal of soil. This review evaluates evidence for efficacy of phosphate amendments for decreasing soil Pb bioavailability. Evidence is reviewed for (1) physical and chemical interactions of Pb and phosphate that would be expected to influence bioavailability, (2) effects of phosphate amendments on soil Pb bioaccessibility (i.e., predicted solubility of Pb in the GIT), and (3) results of bioavailability bioassays of amended soils conducted in humans and animal models. Practical implementation issues, such as criteria and methods for evaluating efficacy, and potential effects of phosphate on mobility and bioavailability of co-contaminants in soil are also discussed.

show abstract

Section: Physical-chemical Interactions Between Phosphate Pb and Comentioning

confidence: 97%

Amending Soils With Phosphate As Means To Mitigate Soil Lead Hazard: A Critical Review Of The State Of The Science

Scheckel

Diamond

Burgess

et al. 2013

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

128

179

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Charts have been prepared by Powell et al [7] for calculating the Langelier index of waters varying widely in relevant dissolved species at various temperatures. The historical charts prepared by Powell et al [7] and the table arranged by Nordell [8] (Table 44.2) are still in use, but correction factors for ionic strength and temperature have been updated based on recent advances in the solubility chemistry of CaCO 3 and solution chemistry (e.g., by Schock [9]).…”

Section: B22 Saturation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The historical charts prepared by Powell et al [7] and the table arranged by Nordell [8] (Table 44.2) are still in use, but correction factors for ionic strength and temperature have been updated based on recent advances in the solubility chemistry of CaCO 3 and solution chemistry (e.g., by Schock [9]). …”

Section: B22 Saturation Indexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Steel—Corrosion in Freshwaters

Matsushima

2011

Uhlig's Corrosion Handbook

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The use of deaeration is practiced by some industries to reduce the corrosiveness of their water supplies. Powell et al 25 and Powell and Bacon 26 discussed design considerations and the application of deaeration in different industrial applications.…”

Section: Historical Corrosion Control Experiencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using aeration for corrosion control

Lytle¹,

Schock²,

Clement³

et al. 1998

Journal AWWA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Under the right initial water quality conditions, aeration proves a suitable alternative for reducing lead and copper corrosion. Aeration is a useful drinking water treatment process. Aeration has been used to remove hydrogen sulfide, methane, radon, iron, manganese, and volatile organic contaminants from drinking water. Aeration also removes carbon dioxide, which directly affects pH and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the parameters that most influence lead and copper solubility. As a result, aeration can be an effective corrosion control strategy, presuming the initial pH and DIC are appropriate. Mineral precipitation brought about by water quality changes resulting from aeration may present operational constraints under some conditions. Aeration produces very consistent water quality and may be advantageous (especially to smaller utilities) because of relatively low costs and simple operational and maintenance needs.

show abstract

Recent Developments in Corrosion Control

Cited by 6 publications

References 12 publications

Amending Soils With Phosphate As Means To Mitigate Soil Lead Hazard: A Critical Review Of The State Of The Science

Amending Soils With Phosphate As Means To Mitigate Soil Lead Hazard: A Critical Review Of The State Of The Science

Carbon Steel—Corrosion in Freshwaters

Using aeration for corrosion control

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About