Recent Developments and Practices to Control Fire in Undergound Coal Mines

Ray, S. K.; Singh, R. P.

doi:10.1007/s10694-007-0024-6

Cited by 104 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…These concerns include gas accidents, spontaneous combustion in mined-out areas, and roof falls, which directly affect safe and efficient production in coal mines [1][2][3]. By virtue of its advantages, such as a high leakage-blocking effect, flame resistance, antistatic property, and construction convenience, phenol-formaldehyde foam is commonly used in coal mines to fill the top-coal caving regions to prevent gas accumulation, rapidly construct fire dams, and block harmful gases from leaking into the working space [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Cheng

et al. 2015

Polym. Bull.

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To study the effect of surfactants on the foaming behavior of phenolurea-formaldehyde foam, silicone oil and Tween-80 surfactants were selected to study their effects on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and combustion characteristics of the foams. The results show that the surface tension of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde resins decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. Both the foaming temperature and foaming capacity of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde foam first increased and then decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The compressive strength and oxygen index of the phenol-urea-formaldehyde foam first decreased and then increased with increasing surfactant concentration, which is probably related to the foaming capacity of the foam. The microstructure of the foams showed that the average pore diameters first increased and then decreased with increasing surfactant concentration. The combination of DC-193 and Tween-80 surfactants significantly improved the compressive strength, uniformity of the cells, and the number of closed cells in the final foam product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of surfactants on the mechanical properties, microstructure, and flame resistance of phenol–urea–formaldehyde foam

Cheng

et al. 2015

Polym. Bull.

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“…These materials reduced the passage of oxygen. The injection of nitrogen and carbon dioxide under pressure into the zones at risk of combustion has also been successful (Ray and Singh, 2007).…”

Section: Development Of a Technology To Prevent Spontaneous Combustiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a technology to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal in underground coal mining

Tosun

2017

J. South. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall.

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“…There are several actions for controlling fire [13] but, for the sake of simplicity, this paper considers only two of them: evacuating people or extinguishing the fire by using local resources. The alternatives shall be associated to these actions and, besides their own operative procedure, they could include deterministic actions, i.e., advice to firemen and police, but this issue is out of the scope of this paper.…”

Section: Dss Knowledge Base For An Emergencymentioning

confidence: 99%