Recent developments and future prospects for lithium rechargeable batteries☆

Ritchie, A.G.

doi:10.1016/s0378-7753(00)00673-x

Cited by 92 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The PANI polymer is electrochemically active in the range of 2.0−3.8 V, which overlaps the operative redox couple of LiFePO 4 . Therefore, PANI can act as not only a host material for Li + -ion insertion/ extraction but also a conducting agent for the cathode.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…This is possible due to the many unique features of this compound which include reasonable high capacity (~ 170 mAh g -1 ) [3], two phase electrochemical process which evolves with a flat plateau at 3.5 V vs. Li/Li + [4], attractive cost as compared to LiCoO 2 and most significantly, safer than other cathode materials in high charge-discharge situations [5]. Despite these unique features, it suffers from poor electrical conductivity (σ = 10 -9 /10 -10 S/cm), ionic conductivity (10 -10 to 10 -9 S/cm), and ionic diffusivity (10 -17 to 10 -12 cm 2 /s) thereby resulting in poor electrochemical performance [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of polyaniline to enhance lithium iron phosphate conductivity

Wijayati¹,

Susanti²,

Rahayu³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Abstract. Lithium cobalt oxide is commonly used as secondary battery. One of the disadvantages of lithium cobalt oxide is highly toxicity waste. One of the promising cathode is lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4). But it has poor conductivity (10-9 S/cm), so conductive material must be added to improve its conductivity. The present paper aims to study the effect of Polyaniline (PANI) and PVDF to enhance lithium iron phosphate conductivity. PANI was prepared through interfacial polymerization. Hydrochloric acid, ammonium persulfate, and toluene were used as dopant, oxidant, and organic solvent respectively. Their morphology was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), molecular structure was investigated by Infrared Spectroscopy, and conductivity was confirmed by four point probes method. The composite products have conductivities in the range 9.14 x 10-3 -6.2x10-1 S/cm. This result is expected to provide an alternative conductive material that can improve the conductivity of lithium iron phosphate, as well as the alternative cathode which is environmental friendly, and no harmful waste.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of polyaniline to enhance lithium iron phosphate conductivity

Wijayati¹,

Susanti²,

Rahayu³

et al. 2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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“…Research into this new breed of batteries only began 40 years ago [8][9][10][11]. One of the factors driving their recent development has been consumer demand for portable electronic equipment, such as mobile phones, mp3 players, tablets, and laptop computers [9, 8,11,12,14]. In order to produce truly portable electronic devices, higher energy density batteries are required that are thus lighter and more compact.…”

Section: Batteries As Energy Storage Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicative energy technology assessment of advanced rechargeable batteries

Hammond

Hazeldine

2015

Applied Energy

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h i g h l i g h t sSeveral 'Advanced Rechargeable Battery Technologies' (ARBT) have been evaluated. Energy, environmental, economic, and technical appraisal techniques were employed. Li-Ion Polymer (LIP) batteries exhibited the most attractive energy and power metrics. Lithium-Ion batteries (LIB) and LIP batteries displayed the lowest CO 2 and SO 2 emissions per kW h. Comparative costs for LIB, LIP and ZEBRA batteries were estimated against Nickel-Cadmium cells. a b s t r a c tSeveral 'Advanced Rechargeable Battery Technologies' (ARBT) have been evaluated in terms of various energy, environmental, economic, and technical criteria. Their suitability for different applications, such as electric vehicles (EV), consumer electronics, load levelling, and stationary power storage, have also been examined. In order to gain a sense of perspective regarding the performance of the ARBT [including Lithium-Ion batteries (LIB), Li-Ion Polymer (LIP) and Sodium Nickel Chloride (NaNiCl) {or 'ZEBRA'} batteries] they are compared to more mature Nickel-Cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries. LIBs currently dominate the rechargeable battery market, and are likely to continue to do so in the short term in view of their excellent all-round performance and firm grip on the consumer electronics market. However, in view of the competition from Li-Ion Polymer their long-term future is uncertain. The high charge/discharge cycle life of Li-Ion batteries means that their use may grow in the electric vehicle (EV) sector, and to a lesser extent in load levelling, if safety concerns are overcome and costs fall significantly. LIP batteries exhibited attractive values of gravimetric energy density, volumetric energy density, and power density. Consequently, they are likely to dominate the consumer electronics market in the long-term, once mass production has become established, but may struggle to break into other sectors unless their charge/discharge cycle life and cost are improved significantly. ZEBRA batteries are presently one of the technologies of choice for EV development work. Nevertheless, compared to other ARBT, such batteries only represent an incremental step forward in terms of energy and environmental performance.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] These batteries are constructed with highly reactive electrodes and flammable organic electrolytes, therefore, possessing potentially unsafe properties compared with aqueous batteries, such as overcharge and short-circuit, and the electrolytes react exothermally with electrodes, resulting in thermal runaway and causing cell cracking, fire or even explosion. [10][11][12][13] Therefore, the safety concerns of LIB under overcharging conditions are considered to be a main obstacle to their high rate or large capacity applications, such as electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. 14 To prevent overcharge, commercial lithium ion batteries are equipped with external protection devices, such as positive temperature coefficient (PCT) resistors or integrated circuits (IC).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xylene as a New Polymerizable Additive for Overcharge Protection of Lithium Ion Batteries

Zhang

Qiu

et al. 2009

Chin. J. Chem.

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The electrochemical properties and overcharge protection mechanism of xylene as a new polymerizable electrolyte additive for overcharge protection of lithium ion batteries were studied by cyclic voltammetry tests, chargedischarge performance and battery power capacity measurements. It was found that when the battery was overcharged, xylene could electrochemically polymerize at the overcharge potential of 4.3-4.7 V (vs. Li/Li ＋ ) to form a thin polymer film on the surface of the cathode, thus preventing voltage runaway. On the other hand, the use of xylene as an overcharge protection electrolyte additive did not influence the normal performance of lithium ion batteries.

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Recent developments and future prospects for lithium rechargeable batteries☆

Cited by 92 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of polyaniline to enhance lithium iron phosphate conductivity

Effect of polyaniline to enhance lithium iron phosphate conductivity

Indicative energy technology assessment of advanced rechargeable batteries

Xylene as a New Polymerizable Additive for Overcharge Protection of Lithium Ion Batteries

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