Recent Developments About the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye Disease: Based on Immune Inflammatory Mechanisms

Yu, Lingfeng; Yu, Chunjing; Dong, He; Mu, Yanan; Zhang, Rui; Zhang, Qiaosi; Liang, Wei; Li, Wenjia; Wang, Xun; Zhang, Lijun

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.732887

Cited by 33 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine DED. The proinflammatory factors associated with DED that have been identified in the study are TNFα and IL-1, and CXCL8 is highly expressed in the eyes of patients with chronic dry syndrome [37,38]. MAPK is an important inflammatory target.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

Zhao

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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Background. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, which affects the quality of life and work efficiency of affected patients. The traditional Chinese medicine formula Qiju Dihuang Pill (QJDHP) has a good therapeutic effect on DED. However, the pharmacological mechanism is not clear. Objective. To explore the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED based on network pharmacology. Method. The active components in QJDHP were screened in Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), and putative molecular targets of QJDHP were identified using the SwissTargetPrediction database. DED-related targets were screened by GeneCards and OMIM. We established protein-protein interaction (PPI) and core targets and corresponding active compound network by Cytoscape to identify the core targets and main compounds of QJDHP against DED. DAVID database was utilized for Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Molecular docking was used to evaluate the binding activity between key active compounds and core targets. Results. The results of network pharmacology showed that 253 targets of QJDHP were related to DED. PPI network analysis showed the 18 core targets. The binding affinity of docking results ranged from -5.7 to -9.3 kcal/mol, indicating a good docking effect. The results of GO enrichment analysis showed that the mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED mainly involved biological processes such as apoptosis, oxidative stress, response to estrogen, angiogenesis, and the regulation of transcription factors. KEGG analysis showed that QJDHP may be regulated by the TNF signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and estrogen signaling pathway in the treatment of DED. Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated the multicomponent, multitarget, and multichannel action mechanism of QJDHP in the treatment of DED and provided a foundation for further drug development research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

Zhao

et al. 2022

Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine

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“…Some of these improvements can be explained through the direct or indirect effect of HA on the osmolarity of the tear film, which in turn will reduce the osmotic stress at the ocular surface (Yu et al. 2021 ). Osmotic stress results from hyperosmolarity of the tear film and is one of the main mechanisms behind the vicious circle of DED, leading to inflammation and ocular surface damage (Bron et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Across the reviewed literature it is shown that DED treatment with HA improves tear film stability, evaporation, osmolarity, inflammation, ocular surface damage, as well as goblet-cell, epithelial, and meibomian gland health (Tables 1 and 2). Some of these improvements can be explained through the direct or indirect effect of HA on the osmolarity of the tear film, which in turn will reduce the osmotic stress at the ocular surface (Yu et al 2021). Osmotic stress results from hyperosmolarity of the tear film and is one of the main mechanisms behind the vicious circle of DED, leading to inflammation and ocular surface damage (Bron et al 2017).…”

Section: Pathophysiology Of Ded and Ha Drop Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of dry eye disease

Hynnekleiv

Magno

Vernhardsdottir

et al. 2022

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Dry eye disease (DED) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition affecting several hundred million people worldwide. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan commonly used in the treatment of DED. This review aims to critically evaluate the literature on the safety and efficacy of artificial tears containing HA used in DED treatment. Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, including MEDLINE, and in Embase via Ovid with the search term: "(hyaluronic acid OR hyaluronan OR hyaluronate) AND (dry eye OR sicca)". A total of 53 clinical trials are included in this review, including eight placebo-controlled trials. Hyaluronic acid concentrations ranged from 0.1% to 0.4%. Studies lasted up to 3 months. A broad spectrum of DED types and severities was represented in the reviewed literature. No major complications or adverse events were reported. Artificial tears containing 0.1% to 0.4% HA were effective at improving both signs and symptoms of DED. Two major gaps in the literature have been identified: 1. no study investigated the ideal drop frequency for HA-containing eyedrops, and 2. insufficient evidence was presented to recommend any specific HA formulation over another. Future investigations assessing the optimal drop frequency for different concentrations and molecular weights of HA, different drop formulations, including tonicity, and accounting for DED severity and aetiology are essential for an evidence-based, individualized approach to DED treatment.

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“…A key function of the innate immune system is to provide a physical barrier between the eye and the external environment, and thus to prevent the microbial attachment and toxins from crossing the surface epithelium. Components responsible for this function include mucins in the tear fluid, glycocalyx, corneal and conjunctival epithelium, and a series of anti-microbial defense proteins (lactoferrin, lysozyme, lipid transport proteins, tripeptides, defensins) ( 35 ).…”

Section: Immunomodulation Of Dry Eye Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Current Advances in Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Toward Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine

et al. 2022

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Dry eye is currently one of the most common ocular surface disease. It can lead to ocular discomfort and even cause visual impairment, which greatly affects the work and quality of life of patients. With the increasing incidence of dry eye disease (DED) in recent years, the disease is receiving more and more attention, and has become one of the hot research fields in ophthalmology research. Recently, with the in-depth research on the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of DED, it has been shown that defects in immune regulation is one of the main pathological mechanisms of DED. Since the non-specific and specific immune response of the ocular surface are jointly regulated, a variety of immune cells and inflammatory factors are involved in the development of DED. The conventional treatment of DED is the application of artificial tears for lubricating the ocular surface. However, for moderate-to-severe DED, treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs is necessary. In this review, the immunomodulatory mechanisms of DED and the latest research progress of its related treatments including Chinese medicine will be discussed.

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Recent Developments About the Pathogenesis of Dry Eye Disease: Based on Immune Inflammatory Mechanisms

Cited by 33 publications

References 108 publications

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking to Explore the Mechanism of Qiju Dihuang Pill against Dry Eye Disease

Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of dry eye disease

Current Advances in Mechanisms and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: Toward Anti-inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Therapy and Traditional Chinese Medicine

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