Recent Development of Organic-Inorganic Perovskite-Based Tandem Solar Cells

Abstract

Tandem cells are solar cells made of multiple junctions with tunable absorbing materials, which aim to overcome the Shockley–Queisser limit of single junction solar cells. Recently, organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have stirred enormous interest as ideal candidates for tandem cells, due to high open circuit voltage, relatively wide optical bandgap, and low temperature solution processibility. So far, a great number of review papers have been focused on the development of a single junction, in the context of the investigation of operational principles, the materials growth/understanding, and interface engineering. Here, we have provided a summary of the recent developments in the realization and understanding of perovskite‐based tandem cells. The optical simulations for the design of perovskite‐based tandem cells are first presented in order to optimize the device architecture in theoretical perspective. Then, an overview of the recent progress in silicon–perovskite, perovskite–perovskite, and others–perovskite tandem cells is highlighted. Specifically, we will focus on the key issues for high efficiency tandem cells, e.g., transparent electrodes, intermediate layers, and bandgap engineering. Suggestions with respect to the further improvement toward perovskite tandem optoelectronics are discussed based on the available literature.

Energy Level Tuning of PEDOT:PSS for High Performance Tin‐Lead Mixed Perovskite Solar Cells

“…The tunable bandgaps of perovskite open the opportunities for perovskite‐based tandem solar cells, the most promising approach to push the PCEs beyond the Shockley–Queisser limit for single‐junction solar cells . One prospective direction is to combine wide‐bandgap perovskite materials and low‐bandgap tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskite to fabricate all‐perovskite tandem solar cells .…”

“…[5] The tunable bandgaps of perovskite open the opportunities for perovskitebased tandem solar cells, the most promising approach to push the PCEs beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit for single-junction solar cells. [3,[10][11][12][13] One prospective direction is to combine wide-bandgap perovskite materials and low-bandgap tinlead (Sn-Pb) perovskite to fabricate allperovskite tandem solar cells. [4,14,15] The PCEs of 4-termianl all-perovskite solar cells have recently exceeded 23% with lowbandgap FA 0.6 MA 0.4 Sn 0.6 Pb 0.4 I 3 (FAMA) as bottom sub-cell.…”

18% High-Efficiency Air-Processed Perovskite Solar Cells Made in a Humid Atmosphere of 70% RH

“…Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have attracted growing interests in the photovoltaic community worldwide since the first application of organometal halid perovskite as a light harvesting material in 2009 . The unique optoelectronic properties of perovskite materials such as high absorption coefficient, long charge carrier diffusion length and excellent charge carrier mobility have led to a rapid improvement in device power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 to 22.1% in 2016 .…”

Light Absorption and Recycling in Hybrid Metal Halide Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices

“…[20] Both silicon-perovskite and all-perovskite multijunction devices require intricate device architectures, where each layer needs special considerations to ensure that the device achieves maximum efficiency. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The current-voltage characteristics of individual sub-cells, light management throughout the device, and the chemical stability of the individual materials are the most important considerations when fabricating multijunction tandem PV devices. [9,[28][29][30][31] In a two-terminal device configuration, the current (I) of the two subcells must match to ensure that there is a balance of electron and holes in the recombination layer.…”

“…[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The current-voltage characteristics of individual sub-cells, light management throughout the device, and the chemical stability of the individual materials are the most important considerations when fabricating multijunction tandem PV devices. [9,[28][29][30][31] In a two-terminal device configuration, the current (I) of the two subcells must match to ensure that there is a balance of electron and holes in the recombination layer. [32] Careful attention needs to be given to the light management of each layer to ensure that there are minimal reflection and scattering losses, and that maximum light is absorbed.…”