“…Traditional clustering approaches, such as k-means clustering, rely heavily on the initial choice of cluster center, which must be rerun many times to yield the best results. These problems can be solved by treating the clustering as an optimization problem, much like, the clustering problem is generally defined as: Given a set of n patterns X = {x 1 , x 2 , … x n } in d dimensional space, partition the set X into k clusters C = {c 1 , c 2 , … c k }that minimize a predetermined criterion (for example, sum of squared errors (SSE), entropy, f-measure, or accuracy) [4]. The advantage of meta heuristic clustering over classical clustering is that the former is unaffected by starting cluster locations and may be easily adjusted by user-defined objective functions.…”