Recent development of metabonomics and its applica-tions in clinical research

Abstract

In the post-genomic era, systems biology is central to the biological sciences. Functional genomics such as transcriptomics and proteomics can simultaneous determine massive gene or protein expression changes following drug treatment or other intervention. However, these changes can't be coupled directly to changes in biological function. As a result, metabonomics and its many pseudonyms (metabolomics, metabolic profiling, etc.) have exploded onto the scientific scene in the past several years. Metabonomics is a rapidly growing research area and a system approach for comprehensive and quantitative analysis of the global metabolites in a biological matrix. Analytical chemistry approach is necessary for the development of comprehensive metabonomics investigations. Fundamentally, there are two types of metabonomics approaches: mass-spectrometry (MS) based and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methodologies. Metabonomics measurements provide a wealth of data information and interpretation of these data relies mainly on chemometrics approaches to perform large-scale data analysis and data visualization, such as principal and independent component analysis, multidimensional scaling, a variety of clustering techniques, and discriminant function analysis, among many others. In this review, the recent development of analytical and statistical techniques used in metabonomics is summarized. Major applications of metabonomics relevant to clinical and preclinical study are then reviewed. The applications of metabonomics in study of liver diseases, cancers and other diseases have proved useful both as an experimental tool for pathogenesis mechanism re-search and ultimately a tool for diagnosis and monitoring treatment response of these diseases. Next, the applications of metabonomics in preclinical toxicology are discussed and the role that metabonomics might do in pharmaceutical research and development is explained with special reference to the aims and achievements of the Consortium for Metabonomic Toxicology (COMET), and the concept of pharmacometabonomics as a way of predicting an individual's response to treatment is highlighted. Finally, the role of metabonomics in elucidating the function of the unknown or novel enzyme is mentioned.

Metabolomics Study of the Biochemical Changes in the Plasma of Myocardial Infarction Patients

“…Metabolomics is based on dynamic changes in low molecular weight metabolites in organisms and has been applied in clinical research, human nutrition, plant physiology, microbiology metabolism and environmental toxicology studies (Li et al, 2008). The metabolites often mirror the end results of genomic and protein perturbations due to disease, and these results are closely associated with phenotypic changes.…”

Physisorption kinetics of electrons at plasma boundaries

“…So far, however, these combined data are not available for any experiment. For sure, surface charges have been measured in dielectric barrier discharges [25,24,23,22] and of course in complex plasmas, where in fact a great variety of techniques has been invoked to determine the charge of floating µm-sized dust particles [13,14,15,16,17,18,19]. But particularly in the experiments measuring grain charges the diagnostics of the hosting plasma is usually missing.…”

“…Surface charges affect also the physics of dielectric barrier discharges -a discharge type of huge technological impact [20,21,22,23,24,25].…”

A Low Profile Ultrawide Band Monopole Antenna for Wearable Applications

“…Preeminence of health care and entertainment has made body centric communication an active research topic [1]. The proliferation of body centric communication applications and increase in demand for compact size and higher data rates have lead the researcher to focus on wide band antennas with compact size, low price, high gain, and good radiation characteristics.…”