Recent Development of Catalytic Materials for Ethylbenzene Oxidation

Abstract

<jats:p>Catalysts are well-known to convert alkylbenzenes at high thermal condition to a number of useful products. However, the current schemes of transformation are not suitable for the hazard-free industrial applications because their reactive intermediates are transformed to a variety of side products that often retard the optimum yield and cause environmental pollutions. It is also observed that the formation of products depends on a wide range of parameters which are extremely difficult to control and often incur extra cost. Recently, heterogeneous catalysts have received huge commercial interests for the oxidation of alkylbenzene into carbonyl compounds which are platform chemicals in various synthetics and fine chemicals. This review is an up-to-date documentary on various catalysts used for the oxidation of alkyl-substituted benzenes along with their reaction condition and selectivity profiles. This work updates our knowledge for the selection and/or design of novel catalysts for the chemists and engineers in the industrial and academic settings.</jats:p>

Influence of the spatial distribution of copper sites on the selectivity of the oxygen reduction reaction

“…The exact nature of the final structure could not be determined, but the absence of ligand oxidation for Cu 3 L1 after the addition of H 2 O 2 suggests that the benzylic ethyl–CH 2 substituents of L2 are prone to oxidation upon exposure of Cu 3 L2 to high concentrations of H 2 O 2 . 73 …”

Traveling across Life Sciences with Acetophenone—A Simple Ketone That Has Special Multipurpose Missions

“…Other disadvantages include polyethylbenzene formation, i.e., the transalkylation process; low selectivity for forming acetophenone; working under high-pressure conditions; complicated reactions due to used catalysts; complicated handling; and the corrosive and environmentally unfriendly nature of H 2 SO 4 (method C). However, the latter process is considered to be a more promising route to acetophenone, and thus, it is the object of intensive studies for efficient, environmentally friendly, and low-cost heterogeneous routes for acetophenone production [ 73 , 74 ].…”

Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethylbenzene to Acetophenone: A Review of Catalyst Systems and Reaction Mechanisms

“…50 Commonly, homogeneous catalysts are complexes comprising a metal that is linked to numerous organic ligands providing solubility as well as stability of the catalyst complex metal, and they can be tuned to improve the selectivity of the catalyst toward a particular preferred product. 51 The significant accomplishment of a homogeneous catalyst is that it has tendency to generate product at a high conversion rate with selectivity of more than 90% via attentive choice of metal center, ligands, variables of reactions, and an apt substrate. 51 Catalysts are greatly dissolved in solvents in homogeneous catalysis, and this facilitates effective contact between the catalysts and the substrate, thus leading to high reactivity with the substrate.…”

“…51 The significant accomplishment of a homogeneous catalyst is that it has tendency to generate product at a high conversion rate with selectivity of more than 90% via attentive choice of metal center, ligands, variables of reactions, and an apt substrate. 51 Catalysts are greatly dissolved in solvents in homogeneous catalysis, and this facilitates effective contact between the catalysts and the substrate, thus leading to high reactivity with the substrate. Even though there are far-reaching selectivity benefits in homogeneous catalysis, there seems to be more emphasis on heterogeneous catalysts, because of their ease of separation, low cost, economic friendliness, and recyclability when compared with their homogeneous counterparts.…”