Recent development of biodiesel combustion strategies and modelling for compression ignition engines

Azad, A.K.; Rasul, M.G.; Khan, M.M.K.; Sharma, Subhash C.; Bhuiya, M.M.K.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2015.12.024

Cited by 56 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(214 reference statements)

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“…These non-edible feedstocks include wood and wood waste, animal fats [29,30], non-food crops [42], waste cooking oil [43,44] etc. and non-edible oils such as Jatropha curcas [34,[45][46][47][48][49][50], lesquerella oil, cotton seed [21,28,31,32,51], Pongamia glabra [34,52], beauty leaf [53,54], karanja [55], castor oil [32,51,[56][57][58][59][60][61], Salvadora oleoides and linseed oil [28], forestry residues, switchgrass [20], wood [20] and biomass sources [62][63][64][65]. Third generation biodiesels are produced from micro-algal biomass which has a very distinctive growth yield compared to classical lignocellulosic biomass [16,66].…”

Section: World Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from Mandarin Seed Oil: A Surprising Source of Alternative Fuel

Azad

2017

Energies

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Mandarin (Citrus reticulata) is one of the most popular fruits in tropical and sub-tropical countries around the world. It contains about 22-34 seeds per fruit. This study investigated the potential of non-edible mandarin seed oil as an alternative fuel in Australia. The seeds were prepared after drying in the oven for 20 h to attain an optimum moisture content of around 13.22%. The crude oil was extracted from the crushed seed using 98% n-hexane solution. The biodiesel conversion reaction (transesterification) was designed according to the acid value (mg KOH/g) of the crude oil. The study also critically examined the effect of various reaction parameters (such as effect of methanol: oil molar ratio, % of catalyst concentration, etc.) on the biodiesel conversion yield. After successful conversion of the bio-oil into biodiesel, the physio-chemical fuel properties of the virgin biodiesel were measured according to relevant ASTM standards and compared with ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD) and standard biodiesel ASTM D6751. The fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) using the EN 14103 standard. The behaviour of the biodiesel (variation of density and kinematic viscosity) at various temperatures (10-40 • C) was obtained and compared with that of diesel fuel. Finally, mass and energy balances were conducted for both the oil extraction and biodiesel conversion processes to analyse the total process losses of the system. The study found 49.23 wt % oil yield from mandarin seed and 96.82% conversion efficiency for converting oil to biodiesel using the designated transesterification reaction. The GC test identified eleven FAMEs. The biodiesel mainly contains palmitic acid (C16:0) 26.80 vol %, stearic acid (C18:0) 4.93 vol %, oleic acid (C18:1) 21.43 vol % (including cis. and trans.), linoleic acid (C18:2) 4.07 vol %, and less than one percent each of other fatty acids. It is an important source of energy because it has a higher heating value of 41.446 MJ/kg which is close to ULSD (45.665 MJ/kg). In mass and energy balances, 49.23% mass was recovered as crude bio-oil and 84.48% energy was recovered as biodiesel from the total biomass.

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Section: World Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel from Mandarin Seed Oil: A Surprising Source of Alternative Fuel

Azad

2017

Energies

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“…On the other hand, several researchers have studied the use of the SST k-ω (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model in fluid flow applications. Azad et al (2016) claims the efficiency of this model for turbulence complex flow and variable density field. Their work also found that this model could be a powerful tool to predict combustion phenomena under low temperature combustion strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Flame temperature analysis in the oxycut process using acetylene gas: a numerical study

et al. 2020

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To cut metals, the oxycut process uses a preheating flame, usually composed of oxygen and a combustible gas, in addition to a flame-independent jet of oxygen. In the present work, the partially premixed combustion model of a finite volume-based software was applied to analyze the flame temperature in a cutting tip of acetylene. At the torch inlet boundary, the flow rates of oxygen and acetylene were adjusted to sweep a wide range of fuel-oxygen ratio. The results pointed a peak surrounding the stoichiometric ratio, at 3106 °C for the literature and 2650.93 °C for the numerical model, contrasting a deviation of 14.65%. The maximum temperature occurs at 52.38% of oxygen volume for the literature and 50.03% for the model, a difference of 2.35 percentage points only. It is concluded that the results of the numerical approach attained the ends of the research.

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“…A.K. Azad et al [22], in their paper critically reviewed the recently developed combustion strategies for biodiesel combustion in CI engine. Low temperature combustion (LTC) is one of the recently developed strategies that have three different categories, namely homogeneous charge, premixed charge and reactive controlled compression ignition.…”

Section: Soo-young Nomentioning

confidence: 99%