Recent development in chitosan nanocomposites for surface‐based biosensor applications

Abstract

Recent years have witnessed ever expanding use of biosensors in the fields of environmental monitoring, homeland security, pharmaceutical, food and bioprocessing, and agricultural industries. To produce effective and reliable biosensors, good quality immobilization of biological recognition elements is critical. Chitosan and its nanocomposites emerge as an excellent immobilization matrix on biosensor surface. As a natural polysaccharide, chitosan has many useful characteristics, such as high permeability and mechanical strength, biocompatibility and non‐toxicity, availability, and low cost. Due to the presence of amino and hydroxyl groups on chitosan, chitosan can easily crosslink with a variety of nanomaterials. This investigation of chitosan nanocomposite‐based biosensors presents recent development and innovations in the preparation of chitosan nanocomposites in coordination with biosensors for various bio‐detection applications, including chitosan nanocomposites formed with carbon nanomaterials, various inorganic and biological complexes. These chitosan nanocomposite based biosensors have demonstrated good sensitivity selectivity and stability for the detection of different types of targets ranging from glucose, proteins, DNAs, small biomolecules to bacteria. It is in our hope that this review will offer guidance for the development of novel biosensors and open up opportunities in the field of biosensor research.

The review of Lab‐on‐PCB for biomedical application

“…The occurrence of diseases is often accompanied by abnormal changes in the concentration of certain substances in the human body, so the rapid and effective detection of diseaserelated biomarkers is a powerful guarantee for disease prevention, disease treatment, and disease control [1][2][3][4][5]. Although traditional medical detection equipment can perform very accurate detection of medical samples (such as blood, urine, and living tissue), these devices often require complicated operation procedures and long detection times [6][7][8], and in the course of disease treatment, multiple detections are needed to adjust the treatment plan in time.…”

“…Especially in the last 2 years, it has received great attention. According to different detection methods and analysis principles, these biomedical applications can be divided into four categories: (1) cell analysis based on Coulter's counting principle and cell imaging technology for analysis of red cells, white cells, and tumor cells [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]; (2) biochemical analysis based on various enzyme reactions for analysis of blood glucose, electrolytes, and other nutrients in the human body [17][18][19][20];…”

Electrochemical sensing of glucose by chitosan modified graphene oxide

“…Due to its high biocompatibility, biodegradability, hydrophilicity, good processability in films/hydrogels/sponges, mechanical strength and anti-bacterial properties, Ch and its composites have been widely exploited in drug and gene delivery, as well as in tissue engineering. Chitosan composites have been widely applied also in biosensing [1,2], since Ch induces dispersion of the biological recognition element in a biomimetic environment, which improves both stability and lifetime of the sensor [3][4][5]. Examples of biosensors involving Ch also include enzymatic sensors for the analysis of glucose; since the detection in this case requires the presence of a redox active enzyme, namely glucose oxidase (Enz), they mainly consist of amperometric sensors.…”

Applications of chitosan in food, pharmaceuticals, medicine, cosmetics, agriculture, textiles, pulp and paper, biotechnology, and environmental chemistry

“…, Pelletier et al (2009), Desbrières et al (2010), Banerjee et al (2011), Cheba (2011), Heuser and Cárdenas (2014), Mati-Baouche et al (2014), Al-Naamani et al (2017), Argüelles-Monal et al (2017),Galiano et al (2018),Marpu and Benton (2018) andJiang and Wu (2019) …”

“…, Cheba, (2011), Dash et al (2011), Suginta et al (2013), Mati-Baouche et al (2014), Carneiro et al (2015), Salehi et al (2016), Thakur and Voicu (2016), Osman and Arof (2017), Argüelles-Monal et al (2018), Galiano et al (2018), Marpu and Benton (2018), Xie and Yuan(2018),Zdanowicz et al (2018),Jiang and Wu (2019) andMolnar (2019) …”