Recent contact with health and social services by drug misusers in Glasgow who died of a fatal overdose in 1999

Jones, R. G. Wyn; Gruer, Laurence; Gilchrist, Gail; Seymour, Alison; Black, Marjorie; Oliver, John S.

doi:10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00244.x

Cited by 34 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In one retrospective study of fatal overdose, the majority of cases had sought and received services from a general medical practitioner within the past year. 33 Furthermore, the individuals in approximately one quarter of the cases had seen a psychiatrist or substance abuse treatment service prior to death. These findings suggest the importance of screening for depression by these types of providers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Nonfatal Overdose Among a Sample of Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland

Tobin

Latkin

2003

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Me

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Nonfatal Overdose Among a Sample of Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland

Tobin

Latkin

2003

Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Me

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“…First, the evidence underscores the critical linkage of social characteristics and morbidity or mortality outcomes among high-risk drug users. For example, homelessness or incarceration status have been found to predict both infectious disease transmission and overdose occurrence in illicit opioid and other drug users (50,69,77,78). Second, from a social cost perspective, the economic costs of crime (that is, victimization) and criminal justice expenditures (that is, policing, courts, and corrections) comprise most (about 80%) of the social cost burden imposed on society by illicit opioid use (79,80).…”

Section: Socioeconomic Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Illicit Opioid Use and its Key Characteristics: A Select Overview and Evidence from a Canadian Multisite Cohort of Illicit Opioid Users (OPICAN)

2006

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Clinical Implications • Illicit opioid use to a large extent manifests via the illicit use of prescription opioids and typically includes polysubstance use. • Physical and (or) mental health comorbidities are highly prevalent in illicit opioid user populations. • Morbidity and (or) mortality risks are often associated with social marginalization. Limitations • Little is known about the patterns and consequences of illicit opioid use in general populations. • Owing to the marginalized and illegal status of illicit opioid users, information is available only from selective populations with limited potential for generalizability of data. • The OPICAN study specifically builds largely on self-report and may be subject to bias. Objectives: To summarize key characteristics and consequences of illicit opioid use from the literature and to present corresponding data from a multisite sample of illicit opioid users in 5 Canadian cities (OPICAN study). Method: We undertook an overview of recent literature from North America, Australia, and Europe. We obtained data from the multicity OPICAN cohort study, which consisted of an interviewer-administered questionnaire, a standardized mental health instrument (the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for depression), and saliva-antibody tests for infectious disease (that is, HIV and hepatitis C virus). The baseline sample (n = 679) was collected in 2002. Results: Illicit opioid use in Canada and elsewhere is becoming increasingly heterogeneous in terms of opioid drugs used, with heroin playing an increasingly minor role; further, it predominantly occurs in a context of polydrug use (for example, cocaine-crack or benzodiazepines). Large proportions of illicit opioid users have physical and (or) mental health comorbidities, including infectious disease and (or) depression, and therefore require integrated interventions. Finally, morbidity risks among illicit opioid users are often predicted by social marginalization factors, for example, housing status or involvement in crime. Conclusions: Given the epidemiologic profile and high disease burden associated with contemporary forms of illicit opioid use, more effective treatment approaches are urgently needed in Canada and elsewhere. Specifically, treatment must adjust to the extensive polysubstance use realities, yet it must also more effectively address the complex physical and (or) mental health comorbidities presented by this high-risk population.

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“…Numerous studies have investigated demographic, behavioural and drug use related parameters associated to drug-related mortality (Darke & Zador, 1996;Degenhardt, Bucello, Mathers, Briegleb, & Ali, 2011;Fischer et al, 2004;Mathers et al, 2013). Research focusing on social and economic determinants appears to be less prevalent, although previous studies have reported associations between fatal overdoses and poor educational attainment (Arias & Borrell, 1998;Farrell, Neeleman, Griffiths, & Strang, 1996), unemployment (Harlow, 1990;Pasarin, Borrell, & Plasencia, 1999), low income (Pasarin et al, 1999;Torralba et al, 1996), poverty status (Jones et al, 2002;Marzuk et al, 1997;Torralba et al, 1996), living in a neighbourhood presenting important income inequalities (Galea et al, 2003;Nandi et al, 2006), homelessness (Langendam, van Brussel, Coutinho, & van Ameijden, 2001;O'Driscoll et al, 2001), poor psychosocial functioning (Darke & Zador, 1996), social exclusion and poor social support (Farrell et al, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and economic inequalities in fatal opioid and cocaine related overdoses in Luxembourg: A case–control study

Origer¹,

Bihan²,

Baumann³

2014

International Journal of Drug Policy

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a b s t r a c tBackground: To investigate social and economic inequalities in fatal overdose cases related to opioid and cocaine use, recorded in Luxembourg between 1994 and 2011. Methods: Cross-examination of national data from law enforcement and drug use surveillance sources and of forensic evidence in a nested case-control study design. Overdose cases were individually matched with four controls, when available, according to sex, year of birth, drug administration route and duration of drug use. 272 cases vs 1056 controls were analysed. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the respective impact of a series of socioeconomic variables. Conclusions: Socioeconomic inequalities in drug users impact on the occurrence of fatal overdoses. Compared to their peers, users of illicit drugs with lower socioeconomic profiles show increased odds of dying from overdose. However, actual and self-referred socioeconomic characteristics of drug users, such as educational attainment and employment, may have a greater predictive value of overdose mortality than the parental socioeconomic status. Education, vocational training and socio-professional reintegration should be part of drug-related mortality prevention policies.

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Recent contact with health and social services by drug misusers in Glasgow who died of a fatal overdose in 1999

Cited by 34 publications

References 31 publications

The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Nonfatal Overdose Among a Sample of Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland

The Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Nonfatal Overdose Among a Sample of Drug Users in Baltimore, Maryland

Illicit Opioid Use and its Key Characteristics: A Select Overview and Evidence from a Canadian Multisite Cohort of Illicit Opioid Users (OPICAN)

Social and economic inequalities in fatal opioid and cocaine related overdoses in Luxembourg: A case–control study

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