Recent changes (1930s–1990s) in spatial patterns of interior northwest forests, USA

Hessburg, Paul F.; Smith, Bradley G.; Salter, R. Brion; Ottmar, Roger D.; Alvarado, Ernesto

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(99)00263-7

Cited by 159 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The potential of a surface fire spreading to the crown is highly dependent upon the vertical structure of the stand, which is described here by SS. This triplet approach has been used to assess the hazard of forest disease outbreak and vulnerability to fire in the Columbia basin (Hessburg et al, 2000). It has been used in the Gila National Forest and the Selway-Bitteroot Wilderness to map fuels and input layers required to run FARSITE (Keane et al, 2000;Keane et al, 2001).…”

Section: Integrated Fuels Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fires occurring in many parts of the western United States today are often more severe than fires that occurred before the advent of effective fire suppression and intensive land use (Arno and Brown, 1989;Hessburg et al, 2000). Increased fire size and severity coupled with an increase in the number of people living in the wildland-urban interface has resulted in millions of dollars of damage to property and loss of life throughout the western United States in recent years.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing and mapping forest fire fuels using ASTER imagery and gradient modeling

Falkowski

Gessler

Morgan

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

145

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Land managers need cost-effective methods for mapping and characterizing forest fuels quickly and accurately. The launch of satellite sensors with increased spatial resolution may improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of fuels mapping. The objective of this research is to evaluate the accuracy and utility of imagery from the advanced spaceborne thermal emission and reflection radiometer (ASTER) satellite sensor, and gradient modeling, for mapping fuel layers for fire behavior modeling with FARSITE and FLAMMAP. Empirical models, based upon field data and spectral information from an ASTER image, were employed to test the efficacy of ASTER for mapping and characterizing crown closure and crown bulk density. Surface fuel models (National Forest Fire Laboratory (NFFL) 1-13) were mapped using a classification tree based upon three gradient layers; potential vegetation type, cover type, and structural stage. The final surface fuel model layer had an overall accuracy of 0.632 (K HAT = 0.536). Results for the canopy fuel empirical models developed here suggest that vegetation indices incorporating visible wavelengths (i.e. the green red vegetation index (GRVI)) are suitable for predicting crown closure and crown bulk density (r 2 = 0.76. and 0.46, respectively). #

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Section: Integrated Fuels Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing and mapping forest fire fuels using ASTER imagery and gradient modeling

Falkowski

Gessler

Morgan

et al. 2005

Forest Ecology and Management

145

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“…The potential for large fires emerges as much from the continuity of high fuel levels that now exist across contiguous forest types as from the expansive area affected by forest changes (Covington et al, 1994;Skinner and Chang, 1996;Hessburg et al, 2000). By working strategically and concentrating on accessible sites, it may be possible to break up high-risk fuel continuity.…”

Section: This Issue)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions

Bisson

Rieman

Luce

et al. 2003

Forest Ecology and Management

125

121

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Understanding of the effects of wildland fire and fire management on aquatic and riparian ecosystems is an evolving field, with many questions still to be resolved. Limitations of current knowledge, and the certainty that fire management will continue, underscore the need to summarize available information. Integrating fire and fuels management with aquatic ecosystem conservation begins with recognizing that terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are linked and dynamic, and that fire can play a critical role in maintaining aquatic ecological diversity. To protect aquatic ecosystems we argue that it will be important to: (1) accommodate fire-related and other ecological processes that maintain aquatic habitats and biodiversity, and not simply control fires or fuels; (2) prioritize projects according to risks and opportunities for fire control and the protection of aquatic ecosystems; and (3) develop new consistency in the management and regulatory process. Ultimately, all natural resource management is uncertain; the role of science is to apply experimental design and hypothesis testing to management applications that affect fire and aquatic ecosystems. Policy-makers and the public will benefit from an expanded appreciation of fire ecology that enables them to implement watershed management projects as experiments with hypothesized outcomes, adequate controls, and replication. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.

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“…Of particular importance are changes in stand structure occurring during its various stages of development. The long life of trees, however, means that studying forest dynamics requires long-term work and analyses, repeated every several or several dozen years (Szymański 1964;Ward et al 1996;Kenkel et al 1997;Hessburg et al 2000;Woods 2000;Szmyt 2004;Wolf 2005;Saunders, Wagner 2008;LeMay et al 2009). Most research on forest dynamics has been conducted on natural forests; much less so on artificially established forests.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial diversity of planted and untended silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands

Szmyt¹,

Korzeniewicz²

2012

Forest Research Papers

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Abstract. The aim of this paper was to describe changes in the spatial distribution of living trees in planted and untended birch stands, as well as to determine the spatial differentiation of the diameters and height of their constituent trees. Analysis was performed in 9-and 39-year old stands.The structural diversity of birch stands was described using the following spatial indices: Clark-Evans index (CE), spatial differentiation index for DBH (TD) and height (TH). The CE index describes the horizontal distribution of trees within a stand and the TD/TH indices indicate the size differentiation between neighbouring trees within a stand (DBH and H, respectively). The indices mentioned above concern small spatial scales. Our results indicate a regular spatial distribution of living trees on the ground at age nine, shown by high CE index. After 30 further years of stand development CE values were distinctly lower and no longer significantly different from the value for a random distribution of trees. At age 39, the 2 stands had a random spatial distribution and in the planted stand living trees still retained a regular spatial arrangement. Analysing the spatial differentiation of diameter and height of trees revealed that there was little differentiation between neighbours in forest stands in neither their diameter and height. The highest average values for the TD index decreased for stands during the 30 years since their initial measurement at age nine. A similar trend was observed for height differentiation (TH),which decreased from a maximum at age nine.

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Recent changes (1930s–1990s) in spatial patterns of interior northwest forests, USA

Cited by 159 publications

References 27 publications

Characterizing and mapping forest fire fuels using ASTER imagery and gradient modeling

Characterizing and mapping forest fire fuels using ASTER imagery and gradient modeling

Fire and aquatic ecosystems of the western USA: current knowledge and key questions

Spatial diversity of planted and untended silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands

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