Recent breakthroughs in understanding the cerebellum's role in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder: A systematic review

Leung, Eric C.H.; Jain, Priyanka; Michealson, Marisa A.; Choi, Hyesun; Ellsworth-Kopkowski, Alexis; Valenzuela, C. Fernando

doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2023.12.003

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of conditions caused by prenatal alcohol exposure characterized by cognitive, behavioral, and physical impairments [ 1 , 2 ]. In humans, FASD are linked with cerebellar impairments which manifest as behavioral deficits in movement and coordination [ 3 ]. Indeed, decreases in cerebellar size have been reported in individuals with FASD and have been replicated in animal models where they are accompanied by ethanol-induced cell death [ 4 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental Ethanol Exposure Impacts Purkinje Cells but Not Microglia in the Young Adult Cerebellum

Cealie,

Douglas,

Swan

et al. 2024

Cells

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Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) caused by developmental ethanol exposure lead to cerebellar impairments, including motor problems, decreased cerebellar weight, and cell death. Alterations in the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, Purkinje cells, and central nervous system immune cells, microglia, have been reported in animal models of FASD. To determine how developmental ethanol exposure affects adult cerebellar microglia and Purkinje cells, we used a human third-trimester binge exposure model in which mice received ethanol or saline from postnatal (P) days 4–9. In adolescence, cerebellar cranial windows were implanted and mice were aged to young adulthood for examination of microglia and Purkinje cells in vivo with two-photon imaging or in fixed tissue. Ethanol had no effect on microglia density, morphology, dynamics, or injury response. However, Purkinje cell linear frequency was reduced by ethanol. Microglia–Purkinje cell interactions in the Purkinje Cell Layer were altered in females compared to males. Overall, developmental ethanol exposure had few effects on cerebellar microglia in young adulthood and Purkinje cells appeared to be more susceptible to its effects.

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